education act 1988

Question 1

when was the new labour in power

Answer 1

1997 - 2010

appeal to middle class

Question 2

aims of the new labour

Answer 2

continue raising standards - marketisation and parentocracy

improve equality of opportunities

increase diversity and choice

improving employment - uni system and vocational courses

Question 3

sure start centres

Answer 3

delivering services for children under 5

improve outcomes for young children and their families - focus on most disadvantaged families to reduce inequalities in child development and school readiness

free childcare for 10 hours per week

4000 sure start centres

Question 4

sure start advantages

Answer 4

improved equality of opportunity by targeting the poorest families

tackled cultural deprivation - family values, ambitions ect

Question 5

sure start disadvantages

Answer 5

no measurable improvement in educational achievement

patronising

the coalition government drastically cut funding to sure start centres from 2010 onwards

Question 6

EMA

Answer 6

educational maintenance allowance

paid students age 16-19 who were from lower income families
£10–£30 a week if attended all their lessons and achieved their performance targets

funding designed to help with hidden costs of education

Question 7

reduction of class sizes

Answer 7

promised to reduce the vast majority of primary school class sizes to 30 or less

Question 8

academies

Answer 8

10% extra funding - funding direct from central government and freedom from local authorities means they get to set their own term dates, admissions policies, staff pay levels and more

often sponsored by an organisation which is responsible for overseeing school eg charities and faith schools

academy chains eg Harris Federation

extra freedom allows to raise standards - dont have to follow national curriculum, length of day, payment

2010 - 203
only failing schools

Question 9

Case study

Answer 9

Mossbourne - Hackney - 2004
once dubbed one of the worst schools in country
now 85% of pupils get five or more GCSEs - 9-4

new building
attitude changes
funding

Question 10

academies advantages

Answer 10

Greater diversity of schools
Increased freedom
Help failing schools
Social solidarity (func) - ‘community academy’ - mantra at Mossbourne
Higher aspirations for students - more focus on cultural capital
Improved results for failing schools - cream skimming
More freedom

Question 11

academies disadvantages

Answer 11

Freedom and policies can only work if implemented properly
Taking money away from other schools
Lots of pressure on schools from raising standards - Sue Palmer toxic childhood
Business/capitalist interests in school - marxism
Sponsors often don’t have education background
Too much freedom? Eg too much tolerance
Very regimental

Question 12

new labour strengths

Answer 12

standards improved and GCSE scores improved

academies have more freedom allowing for more diversity

new labour did more for equality than new right eg ema and sure start

Question 13

new labour limitations

Answer 13

equality of educational opportunity - sure start tried and failed, later academies didnt do this

new labour paradox - contradiction between policies to tackle inequality and their commitment to marketisation
eg introduction of EMA but also introduced tuition fees

Gillborn and Youdell - more students have a negative experience of education in the A-C economy

Sue Palmer - toxic childhood