educational policies Flashcards
what is privatisation
services owned by state now owned by private companies, charities or religious institutions
- taxpayer’s money now goes to private companies rather than to local education authorities
- influence from new right ideas
cola-isation of schools
vending machines - brand loyalty - logo
vending sell coca cola products ect
classroom may contain ipads produced by apple
projectors by epson
- reliant on consumerism
cola-isation of schools - sociologists
molner - schools targeted by private companies - carry a lot of good will and legitimacy of anything associate - endorsement
Beder - limited benefit to school - Uk families spent 110k in tesco to qualify for a single computer in schools
Ball - privatisation is shaping education - education seen as object of profit
Stuart Hall - marxism - march of neo-liberal revolution - eg Harris academies private owned - driving up standards is myth and simply source of profit
exogenous and endogenous privatisation
privatisation from outside (exo) vs within education (endo) - Ball and Youdell
exo - material eg cola-isation and commodity
endo - marketisation - free-market principles eg giving parents choice - open enrolment and formula funding
1988 education reform act
arguments for privatisation
neoliberal/ new right - state-run is inefficient - low standards
endo - introduction of marketisation within education has increased competition and driven up standards
exo - companies keep costs down, more efficient and even make profit - win-win for public and companies
arguments against privatisation
marxism
private companies - change type of knowledge taught - emphasis on maths and less on humanities which arent profitable
Ball - cola-isation of schools - vending machines - education system is supporting the unequal system of capitalism
increasing inequality - companies cherry pick best schools
globalisation of schools
foreign owned eg edexcel - US publisher pearson
competing globally in league tables eg PISA
Buckingham and Scanlon - Uk’s four leading education software owned by global multinational companies - transfer of Uk tax money overseas
Uk - private companies eg Prospects - and importing uk education policy eg ofsted
globalisation effects
private schools and uni - increasing international students - disadvantage local students as international students often pay more - want more students
nation states - less important - more focus on economic objectives of school rather than social eg social cohesion - Kelly - professionalism of teachers undermined by managers
policies relating to gender
1970 - equal pay act
1975 - sex discrimination act
GIST girls into science and technology - replaced by WISE women in science and engineering
1988 - national curriculum - maths and english mandatory - coursework phased out
gender strengths
schooling more meritocratic - allowed girls to achieve more
- equal pay act reduced pay gap from 30% to 9% - motivation to work in school
- feminism - especially liberal feminism
- equalise gender opportunities as thought same subjects
- coursework raise achievement of girls
gender - limitations
GIST and WISE - patronising - focus on boys underachievement and gender stereotypes
coursework disadvantages boys and feminises education
policies relating to ethnicity
1980s - multicultural education policies eg black history month in schools and focus on tolerance
2005 - generating genius - mentoring boys and sponsored by big companies
1988 - national curriculum
ethnicity strengths
minority groups feel culture is equally values and raises their self-esteem
promotes diversity and inclusion
ethnicity limitations
do fail cause of self-esteem? - internal factors and external factors eg labelling and racism
MCE - tokenism - ignoring real cause of underachievement
new right - should be a sense of british national identity
national curriculum - ethnocentric - Ball
policies relating to social class
sure start centres
educational maintenance allowance
free school meals
early academies
pupil premium
