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FINALS - HAEM > blood transfusions > Flashcards

blood transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

when are packed RBCs used

A

transfusion chronic anaemia // major bleed

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2
Q

what is the universal donor for FFP

A

AB

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3
Q

what platelet rich plasma used for

A

thrombocytopaenic patients who are bleeding/ need surgery

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4
Q

what is in FFP

A

clotting factor, albumin, Ig

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5
Q

when is FFP used

A

clinically significant (but not major) bleeding if prolonged PT or APTT // prophylaxis of significant bleed

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6
Q

what is cryoprecipate

A

formed from FFP // heavy on VIII + fibrinogen (also vwf)

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7
Q

when is cryoprecipate indicated

A

massive haemorrhage + bleeding in haemophilia // fibrinogen <1.5 if clinically significant bleed

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8
Q

examples of conditions cryoprecipitate may be indicated

A

DIC, liver failure, secondary to massove transfusion

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9
Q

what is SAG-mannitol blood

A

blood with no plasma but has: NaCl, adenine, glucose, mannotol

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10
Q

what components of blood transfusion do not need to be ABO cross matched

A

platelets

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11
Q

what are cell saver devices

A

save patients blood during surgery and reinfuse it (good for jehovahs witnesses)

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12
Q

blood products in warfarin reversal

A
  1. stop warfarin // 2. VitK // 3. FFP // 4. human prothrombin complex
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13
Q

what is the transfusion threshold for patients w/o ACS to receive RBCs

A

70 g/L

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14
Q

what is the transfusion threshold for patients with ACS to receive RBCs

A

80 g/L

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15
Q

in a non-urgent scenario, how quickly is a unit of RBC transfused

A

90-120 mins

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16
Q

in active bleeding, what platelet count indicates transfusion if clinically significant

A

<30 eg haematemesis, malaena, epistaxis

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17
Q

in severe active bleeding, what platelet count indicates transfusion

A

<100 if significant bleed or bleeding to CNS

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18
Q

threshhold for platelet transfusion with no bleeding/ planned invasive procedure

A

<10

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19
Q

when is platelet transfusion contraindicated

A

chronic bone marrow failure // autoimmune thrombocytopenia // heparin thrombocytopenia // TTP

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20
Q

when are granulocyte colony stimulating factors transfused

A

neutropenic patients (usually secondary to chemo) // filgrastim, perfilgrastim

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21
Q

what type of blood is CMV transmitted in

A

leukocoytes

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22
Q

what is irradiated blood

A

depleted T cells

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23
Q

what is irradiated blood used for

A

avoid graft vs host disease

24
Q

what type of blood do intra-uterine transfusions requre (CMV, irradiated)

A

both

25
Q

what type of blood do neonates require (CMV, irradiated)

A

CMV + irradiated

26
Q

what type of blood transfusions in pregnancy require (not labour or delivery) (CMV, irradiated)

A

CMV negative

27
Q

what type of blood do bone marrow transplants, chemo patients, and hodgkins lymphoma patients require (CMV, irradiated)

A

irradiated

28
Q

what type ofHIV transfusions requre (CMV, irradiated)

A

normal

29
Q

what defines massive haemorrhage

A

loss of blood volume in 24 hours // loss of 50% in 3 hours // 150ml.min

30
Q

metabolic complications blood transfusion

A

hypothermia // hypocalaemia // hyperkalaemia // coagulopathy

31
Q

what chromosome codes for ABO group

A

chromosome 9

32
Q

what causes a non-haemolytic febrile reaction in blood transfusion

A

antibodies to cell fragments

33
Q

symptoms non-haemolytic febrile reaction

A

fever and chills

34
Q

mx non-haemolytic febrile reaction

A

slow or stop transfusion + paracetamol

35
Q

what causes minor allergic reaction in blood transfusion

A

plasma protein

36
Q

symptoms minor allergic reaction blood transfusion

A

itch, urticaria

37
Q

mx minor allergic reaction blood transfusion

A

stop infusion + antihistamine

38
Q

what is thought to cause anaphylaxis in blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency

39
Q

symptoms anaphylaxis

A

SOB, wheeze, angioedema, hypotension

40
Q

mx anaphylaxis blood transfusion

A

stop transfusion + IM adrenaline + o2 + fluids

41
Q

what causes acute haemolytic blood transfusion

A

ABO mismatch (IgM antibodies)

42
Q

symptoms acute haemolytic reaction

A

fever, abdo pain, hypotension

43
Q

mx acute haemolytic blood transfusion

A

stop, confirm patient, fluid rescuc + support

44
Q

diagnosis acute haemolytic reaction

A

coombes

45
Q

what causes Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)

A

excessive transfusion in pre-existing HF

46
Q

symtpoms Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)

A

pulm oedema + HYPERtension

47
Q

mx Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)

A

slow or stop transfusion // IV loops + O2

48
Q

what causes Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A

non-cardiogenic pulm oedema

49
Q

symptoms Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A

hypoxia, fever, HYPOtension

50
Q

CXR Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A

pulm infiltrates

51
Q

mx Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A

stop +O2

52
Q

in infective blood transfusion reaction what causes it

A

CJD

53
Q

what is GVHD

A

complication of bone marrow (or organ) transplant in immunosuppressed patients from T cells in the GRAFT

54
Q

criteria for GVHD

A

bilingham: transplant as immune cells // recipient + donor are immunologically different // recipient immunocompromised

55
Q

acute GVHD

A

within 100 days // skin eg painful maculopaular rash // jaundice // diarrhoea, N+V

56
Q

chronic GVHD

A

100+ days // varied organ involvement // lung, eye, skin, GI

57
Q

invx GVHD

A

LFT: raised ALP + bilir // abdo imaging // lung function

FINALS - HAEM (18 decks)

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