Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Respiration In Plants > Flashcards

Respiration In Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis takes place in which part of eukaryotes

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breakdown of molecules to yield energy takes place in

A

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The breaking of C- C bonds of complex Compounds in the cells happens through ?

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which is the usual respiratory substrates ?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is energy trapped in the cell ?

A

Chemical energy - ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Energy currency of the cell

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can plants get along without respiratory organs ? Why ?

A

Yes.
1. Own gas exchange needs of each part.
2. No great demands
3. Small distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stems have openings called ?

A

Lenticels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The scheme of glycolysis was given by ?

A
  1. Gustav Embden
  2. Otto Meyerhof
  3. J. Parnas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycolysis is also referred to as ?

A

EMP pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The only process of respiration in anaerobic organisms is ?

A

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does glycolysis occur ?

A

Cytoplasm of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens in the process of glycolysis

A

Glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do plants obtain glucose ?

A

1.Sucrose - product of photosynthesis
2. Storage carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does sucrose enter the glycolysis pathway ?

A

In the form of monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is sucrose converted into monosaccharides?

A

By enzyme invertase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to glucose and fructose after they enter the EPM pathway ?

A

They are phosphorylated to give rise to glucose 6 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are glucose and fructose phosphorylated

A

By enzyme hexokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to the phosphorylated form of glucose ?

A

Isomerisation to produce fructose 6 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In how many steps pyruvate is produced from glucose in glycolysis

A

Chain of 10 reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

First step of ATP utilisation

A

Conversion of glucose into
glucose 6 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Second step of ATP utilisation

A

Conversion of fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 biphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The product of 2nd step of ATP utilisation is split into

A

1.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
2. 3- phosphoglyceraldehyde ( PGAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When is NADH + H+ formed from NAD

A

When PGAL is converted into BPGA
1,3 biphosphoglycerate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How is PGAL converted into BPGA

A

PGAL is oxidised with inorganic phosphate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

BPGA is further converted into ?

A

3 phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is finally converted into pyruvic acid and synthesises ATP ?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the key product of glycolysis

A

Pyruvic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How do cells handle pyruvic acid after produced by glycolysis

A
  1. Lactic acid fermentation
  2. Alcoholic fermentation
  3. Aerobic respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Aerobic respiration is also called

A

Kreb’s cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why is kreb’s cycle required

A

For complete oxidation of Co² and H²O.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happens in fermentation?

A

Pyruvic acid is converted into CO² and ethanol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is fermentation

A

Incomplete oxidation of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which enzymes catalyse the process of fermentation

A
  1. Pyruvic acid decarboxylase
  2. Alcohol dehydrogenase
36
Q

What do some bacteria produce from pyruvic acid?

A

Lactic acid.

37
Q

What happens When oxygen in inadequate for cellular respiration ?

A

Pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid by enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

38
Q

In conversion of pyruvic acid, what is the reducing agent

A

NADH+H+

39
Q

How much energy is released during fermentation of lactic acid and alcohol

A

7 percent

40
Q

What happens when alcohol concentration increases.

A

Yeast poison themselves to death after concentration reaches 13 %.

41
Q

Which is the most common type of respiration in higher organisms ?

A

Aerobic respiration

42
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place within

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

First crucial event of aerobic respiration.

A

Complete oxidation of pyruvate.

44
Q

How does complete oxidation of pyruvate in aerobic respiration take place ?

A

Stepwise removal of all hydrogen atoms, leaving 3 CO² molecules.

45
Q

2nd step of aerobic respiration

A

Passing on of electrons removed to molecular O²with simultaneous synthesis of ATP

46
Q

Removal of hydrogen atoms during aerobic respiration takes place in

A

Matrix of mitochondria

47
Q

synthesis of ATP during aerobic respiration takes place in ?

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria.

48
Q

What happens to pyruvate after it enters mitochondrial matrix

A

Undergoes oxidative carboxylation

49
Q

Oxidative carboxylation of pyruvate is catalysed by

A

Enzyme pyruvic dehydrogenase

50
Q

Reactions catalysed by pyruvic dehydrogenase require

A

Coenzymes - NAD+ and Coenzyme A

51
Q

How much pyruvic acid is produced during glycolysis from 1 molecule of glucose

A

2 molecules of puruvic acid

52
Q

Metabolism of 2 molecules of pyruvic acid Produces

A

2 molecules of NADH

53
Q

Kreb’s cycle is a cyclic pathway of aerobic respiration called

A

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

54
Q

Tricarboxylic acid cycle TCA starts with

A

Condensation of acetyl group with oxaloacetic acid (OAA) and water.

55
Q

Condensation of acetyl group with OAA yields

A

Citric acid and a molecule of CoA

56
Q

Condensation of acetyl group and OAA is catalysed by

A

Enzyme citrate synthase

57
Q

Isomerisation of citrate is followed by

A

2 steps of decarboxylation

58
Q

Decarboxylation in TCA leads to formation of

A

1.Alpha ketoglutaric acid and
2. succinyl CoA

59
Q

Succinyl CoA is oxidised into

A

Oxaloacetic acid

60
Q

Net gain of ATP molecules during aerobic respiration for 1 molecule of glucose

A

38 ATP molecules.

61
Q

What is the respiratory quotient

A

It is the ration of volume of Co² evolved to volume of O² consumed.

62
Q

What does respiratory quotient depend on ?

A

Respiratory substrate.

63
Q

When carbohydrates are used as a substrate and are completely oxidised, RQ will be

A

RQ= 1.0

64
Q

When fats are used in respiration, RQ will be

A

Less than 1

65
Q

RQ of fatty acid tripalmitin

A

0.7

66
Q

When proteins are respiratory substrates, RQ is

A

0.9

67
Q

What substances are never used as respiratory substrates

A

Pure proteins or fats.

68
Q

What is the most favoured substrate for respiration

A

Glucose

69
Q

In order to use fats as respiratory substrates,

A

They are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

70
Q

For fatty acids to be respired and enter to pathway ,

A

They should be degraded into acetyl CoA.

71
Q

How would glycerol enter the respiratory pathway

A

After being converted into PGAL.

72
Q

When organism needs to synthesise fatty acids,

A

Acetyl CoA will be withdrawn from respiratory pathway.

73
Q

What is catabolism

A

Breaking down processes within living organism

74
Q

Synthesizing processes within the living organism is called

A

Anabolism

75
Q

Is respiratory pathway a catabolic one

A

No. It is both anabolic and catabolic. Hence amphibolic.

76
Q

Why is respiration an amphibolic pathway

A

Because it involves synthesis and breakdown of proteins and fatty acids.

77
Q

Proteins in respiratory pathways are broken down into

A

Amino acids.

78
Q

How is fermentation different from aerobic respiration.

A
  1. Fermentation accounts for only partial breakdown of glucose
  2. Net gain of only 2 ATP molecules in fermentation
  3. NADH is oxidised slowly to NAD
79
Q

How is GTP molecule synthesised ?

A

During conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid.

80
Q

How many times is NAD reduced NADH +H in the TCA cycle ?

A

3 times

81
Q

How many times is FAD reduced to FADH² in the TCA cycle

A

One time.

82
Q

Metabolic pathway through which electron passes from one carrier to another

A

Electron transport system ETS

83
Q

Where is the ETS located

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

84
Q

Electrons from NADH are oxidised by

A

NADH dehydrogenase

85
Q

Oxidised electrons are transfered to

A

Ubiquinone with inner membrane

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions