13

Question 1

How did plants adapt to life on land? What were the 2 major problems? What were the solutions for adaptation to land?

Answer 1

Problem 1: Dry conditions
Solutions: 
i. Sporopollenin in pollen or spores
ii.. Lignin
Very strong polymer in cell walls
iii. Seed coat
iv. Cuticle & Stomata
v. Gametangia
organs that produce gametes (sperm & eggs), found in gametophytes

Problem 2: Segregation of Resources
Solutions :
i. Apical Meristems
Produces above & below ground structures
ii. Vascular tissues

Question 2

What are the common traits of land plants? What is an advantage of alternation of generations? (it’s not on the slide but I talked about it at length in lecture!) Which plants are gametophyte dominated? Which have a reduced gametophyte and are sporophyte dominated?

Answer 2

Alternation of Generations
Walled Spores
Multicellular Gametangia
Apical Meristems

Question 3

What are the major groups of plants? – Non-vascular: Bryophytes; Vascular plants: Seedless and seed plants; Seedless- Lycophytes and Pterophytes; Seed plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 4

Know the land plant tree of life; When did each group originate? Which groups are monophyletic?

Question 5

Bryophytes- Know their characteristic features; Sporophytes, gametophytes etc. etc. Which are the diploid (2n) and haploid (n) stages in the life cycle of a bryophyte?

Question 6

Know how mosses can be useful (bryophytes continued – these slides were part of lecture 19, and were discussed in lecture, but were missing from Moodle earlier)

Question 7

Xylem, phloem