1.3

Question 1

What are the four types of micronutrients?

Answer 1

Minerals, vitamins, water, fibre

Question 2

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Mono, di and poly saccharides

Question 3

What is the basic structure of monosaccharides?

Answer 3

One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom present

Question 4

Sucrose is made from what?

Answer 4

Glucose + fructose

Question 5

Lactose is made from what?

Answer 5

Glucose + galactose

Question 6

Maltose is made from what?

Answer 6

Glucose + Glucose

Question 7

What are the three types of macronutrients?

Answer 7

Carbs, proteins and lipids

Question 8

What is amylose?

Answer 8

An unbranched polymer that is used for the storage of energy.

Question 9

What shape does amylose form?

Answer 9

A spiral

Question 10

What is amylopectin?

Answer 10

A branched polymer of glucose molecules used for quick release energy

Question 11

What is the storage molecule for animals?

Answer 11

Glycogen

Question 12

Is glycogen branched or unbranched?

Answer 12

Branched

Question 13

What are fats and lipids made up of?

Answer 13

A fatty acid and glycerol

Question 14

What is a the structure of fatty acids?

Answer 14

Long hydrocarbon chains that are made up of a pleated backbone of carbon atoms attached to a carbonyl group at one end

Question 15

What is the common length of carbon chains in a fatty acid backbone?

Answer 15

15-17 carbon atoms long

Question 16

What does saturated mean?

Answer 16

When each carbon atom is joined to the adjacent one by a single covalent bond

Question 17

What is a fat or oil made up of?

Answer 17

Glycerol combined with one two or three fatty acid tails

Question 18

How do fatty acids and glycerol bond?

Answer 18

Between the carboxylate group of the fatty acid and the of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol

Question 19

What type of reaction occurs when a fatty acid and glycerol bond?

Answer 19

A type of condensation reaction known esterification

Question 20

What four elements make up proteins?

Answer 20

Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen

Question 21

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 21

Amino acids combined in a long chain

Question 22

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

Answer 22

An amino group and a carboxyl group attached to a carbon atom

Question 23

How do amino acids join together?

Answer 23

Via a reaction between the amino group of one of the amino acids and the carboxyl group of another

Question 24

What bond forms between amino acids?

Answer 24

A peptide bond

Question 25

What type of reaction occurs when amino acids join together?

Answer 25

A condensation reaction

Question 26

What 3 types of bonds form between amino acids?

Answer 26

Hydrogen bonds, sulphur bridges and ionic bonds

Question 27

What is primary structure?

Answer 27

The linear sequence of amino acids with peptide bonds

Question 28

What is secondary structure?

Answer 28

The repeating pattern in the structure of peptide chains such as an alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

Question 29

What is tertiary structure?

Answer 29

The three dimensional folding of secondary structure

Question 30

What is quaternary structure?

Answer 30

The three dimensional arrangement of one or more tertiary polypeptide

Question 31

What sort of structure do fibrous proteins have?

Answer 31

They have little or no tertiary structure. With long parallel chains with occasional cross linkages

Question 32

Are fibrous proteins soluble or insoluble?

Answer 32

Insoluble

Question 33

What sort of structure do globular proteins have?

Answer 33

Complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structure. Folded into spherical shapes that form colloids

Question 34

Are globular proteins soluble or insoluble?

Answer 34

Soluble

Question 35

What are conjugated proteins?

Answer 35

When proteins are joined to another molecule called a prosthetic group

Question 36

What are lipoproteins?

Answer 36

Proteins conjugated with lipids