6.1

Question 1

How long does it take for rigor mortis to fully come into effect?

Answer 1

6-8 hours

Question 2

Why does rigor mortis occur?

Answer 2

ATP is required to keep the muscles relaxed, after death this runs out leading to contraction

Question 3

What factor determines how long it takes for rigor mortis to come into effect?

Answer 3

The level of ATP in the muscles at time of death

Question 4

Where does rigor mortis start?

Answer 4

In the face and neck and progresses slowly down the body

Question 5

How long does it take for rigor mortis to pass?

Answer 5

Between 36 and 48 hours after death

Question 6

How many stages are there in succession?

Answer 6

Four

Question 7

What does the first stage of bodily succession involve?

Answer 7

Colonisers such as anaerobic bacteria

Question 8

What does the second stage of bodily succession involve?

Answer 8

Species of flies and their maggots

Question 9

What does the third stage of bodily succession involve?

Answer 9

Species of beetles in which parasitic wasps lay their eggs

Question 10

What is the fourth stage of succession?

Answer 10

Species of mites and moth larvae which feed on hair

Question 11

What four factors effect the speed of decay?

Answer 11

Temperature of body and surroundings
Level of exposure
Whether the body is burned
Whether the body is suspended in water

Question 12

What is the study of insects that colonise a body after death known as?

Answer 12

Forensic entomology

Question 13

What type of code is DNA?

Answer 13

A triplet code

Question 14

What does degenerate mean?

Answer 14

There are many different instances in which different codons specify for the same amino acid ( there is more than enough code for what is needed )

Question 15

What does over 90% of DNA consist of?

Answer 15

Introns

Question 16

What are introns?

Answer 16

Non coding regions of DNA that are spliced out

Question 17

What are the repeating patterns on base pairs called within introns?

Answer 17

Mini and micro satellites

Question 18

How long are mini satellites?

Answer 18

20-50 base pairs

Question 19

How long are micro satellites?

Answer 19

2-4 base pairs

Question 20

Where are satellites found?

Answer 20

On the same positions on each pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 21

How are DNA profiles produced?

Answer 21

Using a process called gel electro phoresis

Question 22

What enzymes chop up strands of DNA into fragments in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 22

Restriction endonucleases

Question 23

Where is the DNA cut in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 23

At specific sites know as recognition sites

Question 24

In gel electrophoresis, where are the fragments of DNA placed?

Answer 24

In wells of agarose gel medium in a buffering solution

Question 25

What is the dyes function in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 25

To make the DNA fragments glow under ultraviolet light

Question 26

In which direction does the DNA move in gel electrophoresis?

Answer 26

Towards to positive anode

Question 27

How many stages are there in the PCR l?

Answer 27

Three

Question 28

What is the temperature of the first stage of the PCR and how long does it last?

Answer 28

90-95 degrees for 30 seconds

Question 29

What occurs in the first stage of the PCR?

Answer 29

The DNA strands separate

Question 30

What temp is the second stage of the PCR and how long does it last for?

Answer 30

50-60 degrees for 20 seconds

Question 31

What occurs in the second stage of the PCR?

Answer 31

Primers bind to the DNA strands

Question 32

What temperature and for how long is the third stage of the PCR?

Answer 32

75 degrees for 60 seconds

Question 33

What occurs in the third stage of the PCR?

Answer 33

DNA polymerase builds up a complementary stand of DNA from the primers

Question 34

How long does it take for rigor mortis to set in after death?

Answer 34

2-4 hours