Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

604 EX 1 > 1.3 adaptive immunity > Flashcards

1.3 adaptive immunity Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

adaptive immunity characteristics

A
  • slow response
  • variable
  • numerous (almost unlimited) highly selective specificities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which cells do adaptive immunity?

A

B cells, T cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do mast cells play a role in?

A

anaphylaxis/allergic rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do dendritic cells do?

A

picks up infection and takes it to lymph node, this stimulates adaptive immunity by interacting with B and T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T- cells are released from the lymph node via ______

A

efferent lymphatc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when dendritic cells react with T and B cells it can result in _____

A

antibodies or effector T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B- cell receptor

A
  • has 2 heavy chains held together by cistine bridge

- 2 light chains with antigen-binding site held onto heavy chains with cistine brige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T cell receptor

A
  • anchored into transmembrane region with alpha and beta

- 2 antigen binding sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epitope

A

sites where unique antibodies can bind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1 antigen can have multiple epitopes, but each epitope is ______

A

antigenically unique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antibodies made for a measles virus ______ (can/cant) bind to influenza virus

A

CANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is specificity generated?

A

somatic recombination combines unique J region with unique V region; the other stuff is cut and excised from genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

creation of specificity occurs in each ______ and is different because?

A

lymphocyte, different VJs and joining regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does clonal selection take place?

A
  • stem cell makes B/T progeny
  • only 1 or 2 react with a specific pathogen
  • these 1 or 2 are triggered to divide/proliferate
  • pathogen activated lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells and eliminate pathogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what two things can antibodies do?

A

neutralization and opsonizatoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is neutralization?

A
  • toxins react with cell receptors
  • if there are antibodies present, they can form a lattice and neutralize the toxins
  • tail of antibody interacts with receptor on surface
  • this activates uptake, internalization, degradation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is opsonization?

A
  • bacteria is in Extracellular space
  • antibody coats pathogen
  • antibody tail can interact with complement or bind to receptor on macrophage
  • antibody is taken up, broken down by phagocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ is the first antibody made against an infecting pathogen

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you determine the class of an antibody?

A

the heavy chain constant region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

somatic hypermutation

Study These Flashcards
A

mutations that allow the antibodies to have a higher affinity for the antigen

21
Q

steps of antibody specificity increasing with response?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. IgM made
  2. somatic hypermutation picks antibodies that bind more tightly
  3. antibodies isotype switch to IgG and allows delivery of pathogen to phagocytes
22
Q

why does IgM switch to IgG?

Study These Flashcards
A

the affinity increases with class switch

23
Q

what are the 2 types of T cells

24
Q

T cells regulate _________

Study These Flashcards
A

immune response

25
activated B cell turns into ____ which makes ____
plasma cell, antibodies
26
how does CD4 work?
- recognize receptor on surface of macrophage - CD4 makes cytokines - these cytokines activate macrophages - macrophage does respiratory burst and releases cytokines
27
how does CD8 work
- interacts with receptor on surface of virally infected cell - this interaction stimulates CD8 cell to induce apoptosis
28
how does CD4 T cell work with B cell?
- CD4T makes cytokines that activate B cell | - B cell turns to a plasma cell and releases antibodies
29
how does a dendritic cell present antigens to the T cells?
- dendritic cell takes up pathogen for degradation - pathogen taken apart inside cell - pathogen unfolded and cut into small pieces/peptides - peptides bind to MHC and the MHC goes to the surface - T cell receptors bind to peptide-MHC complex
30
______ are involved in tissue rejection of transplant patients, what does it look like?
MHC 1 | - 3 domain protein
31
_____ has 2 different molecules but they both bind peptide together
MHC2
32
RBC don't have _____
MHC
33
what is the co-receptor for MHC class I?
CD8 T-cell
34
what is the co-receptor for MHC class II?
CD4 T-cell
35
how does MHCII protect against extracellular agents with macrophages?
- macrophage engulfs and degrades bacterium making peptides - bacterial peptides bind to MCH class II in vesicles - bound peptides transported by MHC to cell surface - Helper T-cell recognizes complex of peptide+MHC class II - T helper cell activates macrophage and macrophage activates T cell to proliferate
36
how does MHCII protect against extracellular antigens with B cells?
- cell surface immunoglobulin of B cell binds bacteria - cell engulfs and degrades them, making peptides - bacterial peptides bind to MHC class II - transported by MCHII to surface - T helper cell MUST recognize epitope/antigenic site complex and activates B cell - b cell starts making antibodies; stimulates T cell to proliferate
37
What are the 3 antigen presenting cells? (APC) all present to T cells
1. dendritic 2. macrophage 3. B cell
38
most cells in the body have ______ molecules
MHC 1
39
ONLY antigen presenting cells have _____ molecules
MHC2
40
MHC1 protects against _____
intracellular agents
41
how does MHC 1 protect against a virus?
1. virus infects cell 2. virus proteins synthesized in cytoplasm 3. peptide fragments of viral proteins bind to MHC 1 in ER 4. peptides transported by MHC to surface 5. cytotoxic T cell recognizes complex and kills infected cell
42
B receptors/antibody must recognize the _____
native protein structure
43
it is important for the proteins antigen to have the correct ________
3d structure, cant recognize if denatured!
44
how does Clonal selection make sure there is no self antigens?
- positively selected thermocytes survive and divide | - if T cells recognize self cells they are triggered for apoptosis (negative selection)
45
neutrophil fxn
eat/die
46
basophil/eosinophil fxn
go after parasites
47
macrophage fxn
mature monocyte, ready to eat, clean stuff up, present antigens
48
mast cell
covered in IgE and inolved in allergy rxns
49
EX of unwanted adaptive immunity response?
- T cells react with MHC/peptide complex on surface of healthy B-cell in pancreas and attack them killing their ability to fxn (juvenile Diabetes ) - pollen can produce symptoms of a respiratory infection by IgE mediated degranulation of mast cells

604 EX 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions