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Question 1

immunology

Answer 1

study of bodys defense mechanisms to protect itself from microorganisms and nonself tissues

Question 2

Examples of microorganisms:

Answer 2

virus, staph, streptococcus, rod, parasite, trapanozome

Question 3

Primary immune organs

Answer 3

bone marrow, thymus (where cells maturate)

Question 4

all immune system cells come from a ________

Answer 4

hematopoietic stem cell

Question 5

lymphoid cells

Answer 5

WBC, B cell, T cell, NK

discreet immmune fxn in body

Question 6

myeloid cells

Answer 6

involved in phagocytosis and interaction with microorganisms

Question 7

Concentrations of immune cells change when?

Answer 7

when you have an infection

Question 8

neutrophils _____ during an infection

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

the source of immune cells from months 1-4 of age come from the _____ while cells come from _____ once you hit 5 months

Answer 9

yolk sac, bone marrow

Question 10

2 branches of the immune system

Answer 10

innate, adaptive

Question 11

mechanisms of innate immunity

Answer 11

Fast
fixed
limited # of specificities
constant during response

Question 12

mechanisms of adaptive response

Answer 12

slow
variable
many highly selective specificities
improve during response

Question 13

what is the first defense of the immune sys?

Answer 13

skin

Question 14

what is the 2nd defense?

Answer 14

mucosal membrane

Question 15

what are some mechanical components of the immune system?

Answer 15

tight junctions, flow of perspiration, urine, tears, etc

Question 16

what are some chemical components of the immune system?

Answer 16

sebum, acidity, lysozomes

Question 17

what are some microbiological components of the immune system?

Answer 17

normal flora on skin, GI tractm resp tract, etc

all surfaces have anti-microbial peptides and specific molecules that protect the area.

Question 18

When bacteria is eaten by effector cells, _______ are made/secreted, and these go into the blood and stimulate the influx of neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 18

cytokines

Question 19

________ and ____allow fluid, protein, and inflammatory cells to leave the blood and enter tissue

Answer 19

vasodilataion and inc vascular permeability

Question 20

influx of fluid, protein, inflammatory cells causes?

Answer 20

heat, inflammation, swelling, pain

Question 21

steps of phagocytosis?

Answer 21

1. bacterial surface induces cleavage/activation of complement
2. one comp fragment bonds to the bacterium, one attracts an effector cell
3. receptor on the effector cell binds to the receptor on the bacteria
4. effector cell engulfs the bacteria and kills it

Question 22

pathogens usually reach the heart through the ______

Answer 22

lymphatics

Question 23

there are fewer lymphocytes in the ______

Answer 23

veins

Question 24

binding of bacteria to phagocytic receptors on macrophages induces ______-

Answer 24

engulfment and degradation

Question 25

binding of bacterial components to signaling receptors on macrophages induces ________

Answer 25

synthesis of inflammatory cytokines

Question 26

large reserves of _____ are stored in the bone marrow and are released when needed to fight infection. They engulf and kill bacteria, then die in the tissue and are eaten by macrophages

Answer 26

neutrophils

Question 27

4 hallmarks of inflammation

Answer 27

1. heat (inc blood flow) 2. pain (pressure on nerve endings) 3. redness (influx hemoglobin) 4. swelling

Question 28

activation of adaptive immune sys

Answer 28

1. macrophages and dendritic cells attacking bacteria but not winning 2. some bacteria picked up by dendritic cell enters the lymphatic vessel 3. those move into the draining lymph node 4. int bw dendritic cell and B/T cell 5. interaction is highly specific

Question 29

lymph node has what different sections?

Answer 29

Question 30

lymph node has what different sections?

Answer 30

Question 31

no _______ coming in to gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Answer 31

afferent lymphatics

Question 32

______ transports material into the body. allows material from gut lumen into body which will then be screened for pathogens

Answer 32

M cell

Question 33

Adaptive immunity first vs second response

Answer 33

1st response isnt very big, but when you see antigen again, the response is bigger! highly specific and good memory