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computer science gcse > 1.3 Computer Networks > Flashcards

1.3 Computer Networks Flashcards

1
Q

LAN features

A

-Small geographical area on a single site
-owned by the organisation that uses it,
-wired or wireless
-eg. in schools

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2
Q

WAN features

A

-Group of LANs
-large geographical area
-external company managed
-eg. internet

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3
Q

4 factors that affect the performance of a network

A

Bandwidth, latency, error rate, transmission media

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4
Q

Interference

A

Additional energy in a network that causes a signal to be disrupted

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5
Q

Bottleneck

A

Data that is delayed in transmission through an overloaded section of a network

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6
Q

Bandwidth

A

The rate at which data can be transmitted around a network. The more bandwidth a network has, the higher the performance ability.

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7
Q

Latency

A

The measure of any delay that it takes to transmit a data packet from one destination to another in a network. Can be caused by interference, type of cable and bottlenecks.

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8
Q

Error rate

A

The number of errors that occur in the transmission of data packets around a network

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9
Q

Transmission media

A

The type of cables used in a network. Fibre-optic cables are faster and more reliable.

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10
Q

Number of devices connected

A

As more devices connect, available bandwidth is used up which can slow down network performance.

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11
Q

Client-server network

A

Managed by a server, the devices connected to the server are clients. Files and software are stored centrally on the server. Clients send requests to the server.

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12
Q

Server

A

Powerful computer which provides services or resources required by any of the clients

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13
Q

Client

A

Computer which requests the services or resources provided by the server

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14
Q

Client-server pros

A

Reliable and always on, everything is managed and controlled centrally: back-ups, updates, files

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15
Q

Client-server cons

A

Expensive, server dependant, could become overloaded

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16
Q

Peer-to-peer networks

A

All devices are equal and connect directly, files are individually stored and can be shared, associated with illegal file sharing

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17
Q

Peer-to-peer pros

A

Easy to maintain, no server dependence

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18
Q

Peer-to-peer cons

A

Bad security, disorganised, bad performance, difficult to back up

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19
Q

Hardware needed for a LAN

A

WAP, NIC, routers, servers, transmission media

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20
Q

NIC

A

Internal piece of hardware that allows a device to connect to a network, built into the motherboard. For wired and wireless.

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21
Q

Switches

A

Connect devices on a LAN. Receive data from one device and transmit it to another on the network with the correct MAC address.

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22
Q

Routers

A

Transmit data between networks, decide best route for the data. Link, manage and coordinate all devices in the network.

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23
Q

WAP

A

Switch that allows devices to connect wirelessly, can’t direct messages to particular devices

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24
Q

Two types of transmission media

A

Cable (wired) or microwaves (wireless)

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25
Hub
Links the computers and sends every message to every computer on the network
26
MAC address
A unique identifier for a device on the network: -normally written in hex -6 bytes long -configured in hardware
27
Protocols
The rules that govern how data is transmitted on a network and make it possible for different devices to be compatible
28
SSID
Gives a wireless network a name
29
Internet
Worldwide collection of inter-connected networks.
30
TCP/IP
A set of protocols that allow computers to communicate with each other in a network. Allows digital devices to be compatible.
31
IP address
A numeric public address for digital devices to be identified on the network: -configured by software -assigned by the router
32
DNS
Servers that translate between IP addresses and domain names/ URLs
33
Hosting
When a business uses its servers to store files of another organisation
34
Cloud storage
Saving data in an off-site storage system maintained by a third party. Clients can access data storage, software and processing power remotely over the internet.
35
Cloud pros
- users can access from any connected device - easy to increase how much storage is available - no expensive hardware - automatic back ups and updates
36
Cloud cons
- need internet connection - dependant on host - data is vulnerable to hackers - unclear who has ownership over data
37
Star topology
All devices are connected to a central switch or server that controls the network. The central switch allows many devices to access the server simultaneously. Can be wired or wireless.
38
Star topology pros
- if a device fails, the rest of the network is unaffected - easy to add more devices - high security as there is a central device controlling it
39
Star topology cons
- dependant in the central switch working - if wired, many cables are needed
40
Mesh topology
No central device, all nodes are involved in the transmission of messages.
41
Mesh topology pros
- no single point of failure, alternative routes are available - easier to set up - doesn’t need a central computer (cheaper)
42
Mesh topology disadvantages
- can be slower - cabling all computers can be expensive
43
Ethernet
A family of networking protocols widely used in LANs
44
Plaintext
The original message to be encrypted
45
Wired
- very high bandwidth - hard to set up - expensive - good security - no interference - not very mobile
46
Wireless
- lower bandwidth - easy installation - cheaper - poor security - possible interference - very mobile
47
Cipher text
The encrypted message
48
Encryption
The process of converting plaintext into cipher text so it can’t be understood. To secure data across network connections.
49
Key
A sequence of letters, numbers and other characters used to encrypt or decrypt
50
Encryption algorithm
The method for encrypting the plaintext
51
IP address format
IPv4 and IPv6
52
Network standard
Specifies the way that computers access a network, the speeds and the types of physical cable or the wireless technology used. Allow hardwares/softwares to interact across different manufacturers.
53
HTTP
Used for accessing and receiving web pages on the internet. The protocol requests the web server to transmit the requested web page to the users browser.
54
FTP
File transfer protocol: provides the rules that must be followed when files are being transmitted between computers
55
SMTP
Simple mail transfer protocol: sending email messages until it reaches its destination
56
POP
Post Office Protocol: used by a client to retrieve emails from a mail server
57
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol: messages can be read and stored on the message server
58
Layering advantages
- to group together similar protocols - easier to fix problems and improve systems - modules can be modified/ developed independently
59
Packet switching
Breaks data down into packets which are sent separately across the network
60
Circuit switching
The whole data is transmitted through a dedicated communication channel
61
Why is Ethernet a standard
-has a higher bandwidth -easy to set up -cheaper then other wired networks
62
IPv4
-made of 4 groups of digits -each group can be between the denary values 0 and 255 -groups are separated by a full stop

computer science gcse (6 decks)

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