13-Group and Team Dynamics and Goal Setting In Sport Flashcards
(17 cards)
How can goal setting influence performance
lt directs the attention of the performer onto the required task or strategy.
It increases the effort applied by the performer.
It improves persistence when a task becomes difficult or when failure is experienced.
The performer becomes increasingly motivated to learn and to apply different approaches to learning in order to complete a task successfully
Successful completion of a goal will help raise confidence and se efficacy.
Goals can help break down performance into manageable tasks, helping to control arousal and anxiety.
What are the SMART goal setting targets
Specific - goals must be clear and specific
Measurable- goals must be assessed and therefore need to be measurable
Achievable - goals that are shared by performers and coaches are more likely to be achievable, as all interested parties have a common purpose and the goals set are realistic to the ability of the performers
Recorded - goals should be recorded so that progress can be monitored
Time phased - goals should be split into short term goals leading to long term goals
What are the 3 different types of goals
Performance goals ~ to achieve a certain time such as under 10 secs in 100m
Process orientated goals ~ to ensure front crawl arm technique is correct
Outcome ~ win the race
Define group
A collection of people who both share similar goals and interact with each other
What’s the order of tuckmans group development model
Forming
Storming
Norming
performing
What is the forming stage like
High dependence on leader for guidance
Group members are getting to know each other
Very little agreement on the aims of the team
Individual roles are unclear
Team leader needs to give strong direction
What is the storming stage like
Group decisions are difficult
Team members are establishing themselves in the group
Focus is clear
Cliques form there may be power struggles
Need for environment compromise
Leader has a more advisory role
What’s the norming stage like
Much more agreement and consensus of opinion
Roles and responsibilities are accepted
Decisions are made through group agreement
Strong sense of commitment and unity
Team members are social and friendly with each other
Repeat for the leader and leadership is shared
What is cohesion
Used when describing team dynamics
What are cohesion’s 2 dimensions ( carron 1980)
Group integration - how the individual members of the group feel about the group as a whole
Individual attraction to the group - how attracted the individual are to the group
What’s Steiners model.
Actual productivity = potential productivity- losses due to faulty processes
What does potential productivity mean
Potential productivity refers to the best possible performance of the group, taming into account resources available and the ability of the players
What 2 factors are losses due to faulty processes caused by
Coordination problems- if coordination and timing of team members do not match, team strategies that depend on them will suffer
Motivational problems - if individual members of a team are not motivated to the same extent, they will be pulling in different directions and players will withdraw effort
Define social loafing
Some individuals in a group seem to lose motivation. It is apparently caused by the individual losing identity when placed In a group. Individual efforts may not be recognised by those who are spectating or by those who are taking part
When does the ringlemann effect occur
When individual performances decrease as group size increase
What research backs up the ringlemann effect
In tug of war a team of eight did not pull eight times as hard as solo performers
How do you eliminate social loafing
Highlight individuals performances
Support from others in the team - social support
Feedback
Peer pressure to reinforce individual effort
