Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

12th Standard Psychology > 13. infancy and childhood > Flashcards

13. infancy and childhood Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the three stages of development during childhood?

A

Infancy: Birth to 2 years, Early childhood: 3-5 years, Middle and late childhood: 6-11 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physical development?

A

Changes in height, weight, and body proportions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of motor skills?

A

Gross motor skills and fine motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long is an average newborn?

A

49-50 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much does an average newborn weigh?

A

2.5 kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

By what age do infants typically double their birth weight?

A

By 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

By what age do infants typically triple their birth weight?

A

By their first birthday

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What reflexes do infants display?

A

Grasping reflex and rooting reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what age do infants start sitting while supported?

A

By age 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do infants typically learn to stand alone?

A

By 10 to 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When do infants typically learn to walk?

A

By 13 to 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the significance of fine motor skills during infancy?

A

Infants begin to reach out and grasp objects, refining this ability during the first 2 years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the physical development during early childhood.

A

Children’s movements become almost ‘automatic’ as they gain confidence and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What physical abilities do children display at 3 years of age?

A

Simple movements like hopping, jumping, and running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What physical abilities do children display at 4 years of age?

A

Climbing up and down stairs with one foot on each step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to physical growth during middle and late childhood?

A

Growth slows down but remains consistent, with an increase in height and weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

How children think and how their thinking changes from one developmental stage to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are schemes according to Piaget?

A

The smallest units of thought that help children adapt to the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is adaptation in cognitive development?

A

Adjusting current information to new environmental demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Incorporating new information into existing schemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is organization in cognitive development?

A

Grouping and categorizing information to make sense of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is equilibration?

A

The mechanism by which children shift from one stage of thought to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A

A stage from birth to two years where children understand the world through sensory experiences and motor actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is object permanence?
Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they are out of sight
26
What is imitation?
Copying or reproducing someone's actions or language
27
What is the pre-operational stage?
A stage from 2 to 7 years where children represent the world with words and images
28
What is egocentrism?
The inability to distinguish one's own perspective from someone else's
29
What is animism?
Believing that inanimate objects have life-like qualities
30
What is centration?
Focusing attention on only one aspect of an object
31
What is conservation?
Understanding that altering an object's physical appearance does not change its basic properties
32
What is the concrete operational stage?
A stage from 7 to 11 years where children apply logical reasoning to problems
33
What is classification in cognitive development?
Dividing and categorizing objects into sets and subsets
34
What is seriation?
Ordering objects along a quantitative dimension
35
What are the key cognitive achievements during infancy?
Adapting sucking schemes, understanding object permanence, and developing imitation
36
What is the symbolic function sub-stage?
A sub-stage from 2 to 4 years where children represent the world with words and images
37
What is the intuitive sub-stage?
A sub-stage from 4 to 7 years where children use primitive reasoning
38
What is the role of play in cognitive development?
Helps children develop symbolic thinking and problem-solving skills
39
What are fine motor skills?
Small muscle movements, such as picking up objects between thumb and forefinger
40
What are gross motor skills?
Large muscle movements, such as walking and running
41
How do children develop cognitive abilities during early childhood?
Through symbolic function, intuitive thought, and egocentrism
42
What is the role of imitation in cognitive development?
Helps infants learn and reproduce actions and sounds
43
How do children understand the concept of conservation?
By recognizing that physical changes do not alter the quantity of an object
44
What is the importance of classification in cognitive development?
Helps children organize and understand relationships between different objects
45
How does seriation contribute to cognitive development?
Allows children to understand and order objects based on quantitative dimensions
46
What is the impact of physical development on cognitive abilities?
Improved motor skills enable children to explore and interact with their environment, enhancing cognitive development
47
How do cognitive processes change during middle and late childhood?
Children develop logical thinking and problem-solving skills, and can understand complex relationships between objects
48
What are the key milestones in physical development during infancy?
Doubling and tripling birth weight, developing motor skills, and achieving balance and coordination
49
What are the key milestones in cognitive development during infancy?
Developing object permanence, imitation, and adapting schemes to new information
50
What are the key milestones in physical development during early childhood?
Improved motor skills, balance, and coordination
51
What are the key milestones in cognitive development during early childhood?
Symbolic thinking, primitive reasoning, and understanding egocentrism
52
What are the key milestones in physical development during middle and late childhood?
Consistent growth in height and weight, improved muscle tone, and fine motor skills
53
What are the key milestones in cognitive development during middle and late childhood?
Logical reasoning, classification, and seriation
54
How do infants develop motor skills?
Through reflexes, voluntary actions, and practice in controlling their bodies
55
What is the role of sensory experiences in cognitive development?
Helps infants understand and interact with their environment
56
How do infants learn to adapt their sucking schemes?
By adjusting their sucking patterns to different objects
57
What is the significance of object permanence?
It indicates the infant's understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen
58
How does imitation evolve during infancy?
From copying actions they can already perform to deferred imitation of actions observed earlier
59
What is the impact of physical growth on cognitive abilities during infancy?
Increased mobility and motor skills allow infants to explore and learn from their environment
60
How do children develop symbolic thinking?
Through the use of words, images, and pretend play to represent objects and experiences
61
What are the limitations of pre-operational thought?
Egocentrism, animism, centration, and lack of conservation
62
How do children overcome egocentrism?
By gradually learning to take others' perspectives into account
63
What is the role of logical reasoning in cognitive development?
Enables children to solve problems and understand complex relationships
64
How do children develop classification skills?
By learning to group objects based on shared characteristics and relationships
65
What is the importance of seriation in cognitive development?
Helps children understand order and relationships between objects based on size, quantity, or other dimensions
66
How do children develop conservation skills?
By understanding that changes in appearance do not alter the basic properties of an object
67
What are the key achievements of the concrete operational stage?
Logical reasoning, conservation, classification, and seriation
68
How does physical development influence cognitive abilities during middle and late childhood?
Improved fine and gross motor skills allow for more complex interactions with the environment, enhancing cognitive development
69
What is the role of play in physical and cognitive development?
Supports motor skill development, symbolic thinking, and problem-solving abilities
70
How do children develop problem-solving skills?
Through experiences and practice in logical reasoning and understanding relationships between objects
71
What are the main changes in physical development from infancy to childhood?
Growth in height and weight, development of motor skills, and changes in body proportions
72
How does cognitive development progress from infancy to childhood?
From sensory and motor experiences to symbolic thinking, logical reasoning, and understanding complex relationships

12th Standard Psychology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions