3. methods of enquiry

Question 1

What are the methods of psychological enquiry?

Answer 1

Different methods to study behaviour, psychological processes, and events.

Question 2

What does Mr. Bhagat notice about his students?

Answer 2

He notices that students are excessively dependent on their smartphones.

Question 3

Why is Mr. Bhagat curious about the impact of gadgets on students?

Answer 3

To explore the impact of gadget dependence on the physical and mental health of his students.

Question 4

What is the focus of the present chapter on Methods of Psychological Enquiry?

Answer 4

To understand the process of research in psychology.

Question 5

What is Psychology as described in the chapter?

Answer 5

A scientific discipline that seeks to understand the complexities of the human mind and behaviour.

Question 6

What are the applications of Psychology?

Answer 6

Different fields of Psychology and their practical applications.

Question 7

What is scientific psychological research?

Answer 7

Research that involves a systematic approach to studying psychological phenomena.

Question 8

Why is scientific research critical?

Answer 8

It helps in understanding and operating in a complex world.

Question 9

What is an example of a strongly held belief without scientific evidence?

Answer 9

The belief that Earth was the center of the universe and the sun revolves around it.

Question 10

What is the purpose of systematic scientific research?

Answer 10

To challenge preconceived notions and achieve an objective understanding of the world.

Question 11

What is the goal of all scientists?

Answer 11

To gain a better understanding of the world around them.

Question 12

What do psychologists focus their attention on understanding?

Answer 12

Understanding behavior, cognitive (mental), and physiological (body) processes.

Question 13

Why is Psychology considered a science?

Answer 13

Because it adopts a systematic and objective approach.

Question 14

What are the scientific values embraced by psychologists?

Answer 14

Curiosity, skepticism, objectivity, empiricism.

Question 15

What is empirical knowledge in Psychology?

Answer 15

Knowledge based on objective, tangible evidence that can be observed repeatedly.

Question 16

What is the first goal of psychological research?

Answer 16

To describe behavior in detail.

Question 17

What is the second goal of psychological research?

Answer 17

To explain why something happens.

Question 18

What is the third goal of psychological research?

Answer 18

To predict future occurrences.

Question 19

What is the fourth goal of psychological research?

Answer 19

To control behavior in a systematic manner.

Question 20

What is the fifth goal of psychological research?

Answer 20

To improve a person’s life in a positive manner.

Question 21

What are the two types of psychological research based on goals?

Answer 21

Fundamental research and applied research.

Question 22

What is fundamental research?

Answer 22

Research aimed at discovering, describing, and understanding fundamental aspects of behavior.

Question 23

What is applied research?

Answer 23

Research dealing with specific, practical problems and finding solutions.

Question 24

How are fundamental and applied research related?

Answer 24

Fundamental research provides a base for applied research, and applied research helps expand theoretical understanding.

Question 25

What are the two types of settings for psychological research?

Answer 25

Laboratory and field settings.

Question 26

What is laboratory research?

Answer 26

Research conducted in a controlled environment.

Question 27

What is field research?

Answer 27

Research conducted in real-life situations.

Question 28

What are quantitative and qualitative research?

Answer 28

Quantitative research involves numerical data; qualitative research involves descriptive data.

Question 29

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?

Answer 29

Quantitative research uses numerical analysis, while qualitative research involves non-numerical data.

Question 30

What is a research design?

Answer 30

The specific method used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

Question 31

What are the three major types of research designs?

Answer 31

Descriptive, correlational, and experimental research designs.

Question 32

What is descriptive research?

Answer 32

Research designed to provide a picture of the current state of affairs.

Question 33

What is correlational research?

Answer 33

Research designed to discover relationships among variables.

Question 34

What is experimental research?

Answer 34

Research involving manipulation of variables to establish cause and effect.

Question 35

What is an independent variable in experimental research?

Answer 35

The variable manipulated by the experimenter.

Question 36

What is a dependent variable in experimental research?

Answer 36

The variable measured to see the effect of the independent variable.

Question 37

What are extraneous variables?

Answer 37

Variables that are not the independent variable but could affect the results.

Question 38

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 38

A variable that affects the dependent variable apart from the independent variable.

Question 39

What is the first step in conducting an experiment?

Answer 39

Forming a hypothesis.

Question 40

What is the purpose of identifying independent and dependent variables?

Answer 40

To understand the cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 41

What is the importance of controlling extraneous variables?

Answer 41

To ensure the relationship studied is not influenced by other factors.

Question 42

What is the purpose of sampling participants in an experiment?

Answer 42

To have a representative group of participants.

Question 43

What is random sampling?

Answer 43

A method where all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected.

Question 44

What is a control group in an experiment?

Answer 44

The group not exposed to the independent variable.

Question 45

What is an experimental group in an experiment?

Answer 45

The group exposed to the independent variable.

Question 46

What is the purpose of comparing retention of information between control and experimental groups?

Answer 46

To determine the effect of the independent variable.

Question 47

What is the importance of verifying the hypothesis?

Answer 47

To confirm or refute the hypothesis based on the experiment's results.

Question 48

What are the characteristics of laboratory experiments?

Answer 48

Manipulating the independent variable, controlling extraneous variables, and measuring the dependent variable.

Question 49

What is a quasi-experiment?

Answer 49

An experiment where independent variable manipulation and random assignment are not entirely possible.

Question 50

What is the role of an independent variable in an experiment?

Answer 50

It is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Question 51

What is the role of a dependent variable in an experiment?

Answer 51

It is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.