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Biology A level > 1.3 Lipids > Flashcards

1.3 Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Why do fats form good waterproofing layers?

A

lipid tail is hydrophobic so they are insoluble in water

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2
Q

What is a structure of a triglyceride?

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails

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3
Q

What chemical group does glycerol belong to?

A

alcohol

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4
Q

What are the two different types of fatty acids?

A

saturated or unsaturated

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5
Q

What bond forms between a fatty acid and glycerol in a triglyceride?

A

esther bond

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6
Q

What type of reaction happens when esther bonds form?

A

condensation

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7
Q

What test is used to idenify lipids?

A

the emulsion test

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8
Q

How is the emulsion test carried out?

A

take equal vol of water and ethanol with food sample
shake
a cloudy white emulsion will form if lipid present

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9
Q

What part of the phosphlipid is non-polar?

A

fatty acid tails

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10
Q

What is a respiratory substrate?

A

any molecule that can be released as energy to create ATP

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11
Q

How do animals get energy from a resp substrate?

A

energy is released by breaking the C-C bonds and C-H bonds

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12
Q

Why do lipids store more chemical potential energy than carbs?

A

lipids have more C-C and C-H bonds due to the hydrocarbon tail

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13
Q

What elements are present in lipids?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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14
Q

Are lipids soluble in water? if no what are they soluble in?

A

no, soluble in organic solutes like ethanol

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15
Q

What are some examples of lipids?

A

triglycerides - fats and oils
waxes
steroids
cholesterol

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16
Q

What are all the functions of lipids?

A

thermal insulation
cell membrane structure
energy store
waterproof
source of metabolic water
buoyancy
protection

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17
Q

How are lipids good for insulation?

A

fats are slow conductors of heat
stored underneath the body surface to help retain body heat
eg: adipose tissue

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18
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

a connective tissue that extends throughout your body - body fat
found under the skin

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19
Q

What properties of lipids make is a good energy store?

A

compact - can store more in small space
insoluble - osmotically inert
high energy yeild - x2 the energy released than carbs when oxidised

20
Q

What property of lipids make them waterproof? and where would it be found?

A

insoluble to water
eg: waxy cuticles on insects and plants
skin, fur, feathers
animals produce oily secretion on the skin

21
Q

What propery of lipids makes them buoyant?

A

have a lower density than water

22
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

simple lipids
compound lipids

23
Q

What are simple lipids made of? and an example?

A

glycerol and fatty acids only
eg: triglycerides

24
Q

What are compound lipids made of and an example?

A

glycerol, fatty acids and another group/molecule/compound
eg: Phospholipids

25
Q

What is the chemical formula of glycerol?

A

C3H8O3

26
Q

What is the general formula for fatty acids?

A

CH3(CH2)nCOOH

27
Q

What does a dotted line in the displayed ans skeletal formula of a fatty acid represent?

A

the variable group

28
Q

How is a monoglyceride formed?

A

condensation reaction of a glycerol and fatty acid
an OH from the glycerol and the H from the Carboxyl group on fatty acid
forms an esther bond

29
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

full compliment of hydrogens, no double carbon bonds

30
Q

What does unstaturated mean?

A

double bond in the hydrocarbon tail, not completely saturated with hydrogens

31
Q

What does polyunsaturated mean?

A

more than 1 c=c double bond

32
Q

What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids melting points?

A

saturated has a higher boiling point
unsaturated has a lower boiling point

33
Q

What state is a saturated fatty acids at room temp?

A

solid

34
Q

What state is a unsaturated fatty acid at room temp?

A

liquid

35
Q

Which fatty acid (saturated/unsaturated) is worse for your diet?

A

saturated is worst for your diet as high intake can increase the risk of coronary heart diseases

36
Q

What group does a phospholipid contain?

A

phosphate group

37
Q

How many tails does a triglyceride have?

A

3

38
Q

How many tails does a phospholipid have?

A

2

39
Q

What makes up the phospholipids head?

A

glycerol and phosphate

40
Q

why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temp?

A

the double bonds cause the molecule to bend so they cannot pack together so closely

41
Q

Why are triglycerides a good source of energy?

A

they have a high ratio of energy-storing carbon-hydrogen bonds to carbon atoms

42
Q

Why are tryglycerides good storage molecules?

A

have low mass to energy ratio - lots of energy can be stored inn a small vol

43
Q

How are tryglycerides insoluble?

A

large and non-polar

44
Q

How do tryglycerides provide a good source of water?

A

have a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms

45
Q

Are fatty acid molecules hydrophyllic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

46
Q

Are phospholipids polar or non-polar?

A

polar - hydrophyllic head and hydrophobic tail

47
Q

What happens when a phospholipid combines with carbohydrates?

A

forms a glycolipid which are important in cell recognition

Biology A level (19 decks)

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