1.3. Ophtalmology Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the aetiology for cataracts?
Stetoids
UV light
Myopia
Trauma
What are the main symptoms of acute glaucoma?
Red eye
Pain
Halos
Nausea
Dark room
What are the main treatments for acute glaucoma?
Prednisolone
Timolol
CHECK SLIDES
What are the risk factors for open-angle glaucoma?
Age >40yo
Black
Family history
Myopia
What is the initial treatment for acute glaucoma?
Timolol > Same-day referral to ophtalmology
What medications predispose to glaucoma crisis?
Citalopram, Cyclopentolate, CHECK
What are the symptoms in CNIII palsy?
Drop eyelid + Down-Out position +/- Unreactive pupil (surgical, urgent).
What are the symptoms of Oculomotor Nerve Palsy?
Lateral gaze
Ptosis
Dilated pupil
What is the first exame for CNIII palsy?
CT angiography.
What are the causes of CNIII palsy?
CHECK SLIDES
Diabetes (microvascular),
PCA aneurysm (posterior communicating artery).
What is the finding on fundoscopy in optic neuritis?
Pale optic disc.
What is the triad of optic neuritis?
Loss vision (and red colour)
Eye pain
Relative aferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
What are the first exams to request when Charles Bonnet Syndrome is suspected?
Slit Lamp
Optical Coherence Tomography
What is Charles Bonnet Syndrome?
Triad of visual hallucinations, ocular pathology causing bilateral visual deterioration, and preserved cognitive status. Hallucinations may be elementary or highly organized and complex, persistent or intermittent. People are aware they are not real. Neuroimaging not necessary if cause of visual loss known.
What is an Argyl Robertson pupil?
CHECK SLIDES
What are the main symptoms of acute anterior uveites?
Irregular pupil, Systemic disease (EA, Reactive Arthritis, IBD)
Differentiate between macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
Central vision, sudden: Macular Degeneration. Peripheral vision, night, slow: Retinitis Pigmentosa.
What are the symptoms of Retinitis Pigmentosa?
Loss of night and perypheral vision.
What are the bones, nerves and muscles involved in the orbit blowout fracture?
Maxilla bone (inferior wall) > ethmoid bones (lateral wall). Inferior rectus muscle (vertical diplopia).
Inferior orbital nerve (cheek and upper gums numbness).
What are the symptoms of orbital blowout fractures?
Ecchymosis and enophthalmus (maxilla and ethmoid bones). Vertical diplopia (inferior rectus muscle).
Cheek and upper gums numbness (infraorbital nerve).
