13: Parotid, Temporal, and Masseteric Regions

Question 1

ramus of the mandible

Answer 1

the flatter, more posterior part of the mandible

Question 2

coronoid process

Answer 2

the more anterior process of the ramus of the mandible; where temporalis m. attaches (and some fibers of the masseter m.)

Question 3

condyle

Answer 3

the more posterior process of the ramus of the mandible; articulates with the temporal bone to create the TMJ area

Question 4

mandibular notch

Answer 4

separates the condyle and the coronoid process

Question 5

parotid duct

Answer 5

delivers saliva to mouth from parotid gland
courses along lateral/superficial surface of the masseter m., then pierces through the buccinator m. to deliver contents into the vestibule near the 2nd maxillary molar

Question 6

main trunk of facial nerve emerges from the

Answer 6

stylomastoid foramen; it divides into its terminal branches within the parotid gland

Question 7

two branches of the facial nerves that arise before it divides inside the parotid

Answer 7

1. posterior auricular n.

2. nerve to stylohyoid m. and posterior belly of digastric m.

Question 8

facial nerve main branches

Answer 8

provide motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

Question 9

retromandibular vein path

Answer 9

courses just deep to the facial n. in the parotid gland; terminally bifurcates into the maxillary and superficial temporal veins

Question 10

external carotid artery path

Answer 10

courses deep to the parotid gland where it terminally bifurcates into maxillary and superficial temporal arteries

Question 11

superficial temporal artery gives rise to the

Answer 11

transverse facial artery near parotid duct and buccal branch of the facial nerve

Question 12

auriculotemporal nerve (from V3) path, actions, and CARRIES!

Answer 12

passes through the parotid region, close to the ear; supplies sensation to general ear region AND CARRIES postganglionic parasympathetic secretory fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland to regulate the glandular secretions

Question 13

deepest section of parotid area

Answer 13

stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of digastric m.
stylohyoid originates from the styloid process and the p.b. of digastric from the mastoid process
*receive motor innervation from the nerve to the stylohyoid (branch of facial nerve)

Question 14

masseter muscle, superficial and deep heads - details

Answer 14

origin: inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral surface of the angle, ramus, and coronoid process of the mandible
innervation: masseteric nerve (branch of V3)
action: elevates the mandible (superficial head - protrusion/forward; deep head - retrusion/back)

Question 15

masseter muscle origin

Answer 15

inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic arch

Question 16

masseter muscle insertion

Answer 16

lateral surface of the angle, ramus, and coronoid process of the mandible

Question 17

masseter muscle innervation

Answer 17

masseteric nerve - branch of V3

Question 18

masseter muscle action

Answer 18

elevates the mandible
superficial head - protrusion/forward
deep head - retrusion/backward

Question 19

course along the superficial masseter m.

Answer 19

parotid duct, motor branches of the facial n., transverse facial a.

Question 20

buccal fat pad - where it is, what goes through it

Answer 20

between the masseter and buccinator muscles

facial artery and vein course through

Question 21

long buccal nerve

Answer 21

was on the practice practical! courses deep to the masseter, over the buccinator; provides sensory innervation to the buccal skin, mucosa, and buccal gingiva adjacent to mandibular molar teeth

Question 22

temporalis m. (anterior and posterior portions)

Answer 22

origin: floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fossa
insertion: coronoid process and anterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible
innervation: anterior and posterior deep temporal neves (branches of V3)
action: elevates the mandible; posterior fibers retrude the mandible (move backward)

Question 23

temporalis m. origin

Answer 23

floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fossa

Question 24

temporalis m. insertion

Answer 24

coronoid process and anterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible

Question 25

temporalis m. innervation

Answer 25

anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves (branches of V3)

Question 26

temporalis m. action

Answer 26

elevates the mandible; posterior fibers retrude it (move backward)

Question 27

course along superficial surface of temporalis

Answer 27

superficial temporal artery and vein (artery is terminal branch of external carotid a., vein drains into retromandibular v.); auriculotemporal n. (from V3)

Question 28

TMJ

Answer 28

point of articulation of mandible and skull; head of condylar process of mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone a modified hinge synovial joint has a joint capsule; thick part of capsule is the lateral ligament/temporomandibular ligament (more anterior to the joint capsule)

Question 29

major contents of the parotid region

Answer 29

``` parotid gland facial nerve external carotid artery retromandibular vein auriculotemporal nerve (V3) origins of the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid mm. ```

Question 30

inside the parotid gland, going superficial to deep

Answer 30

facial n external carotid a./retromandibular v. ramus of the mandible

Question 31

innervates the mylohyoid m. and anterior belly of digastric.

Answer 31

trigeminal n, V3

Question 32

innervates stylohyoid m. and posterior belly of digastric

Answer 32

one of those extra branches off the facial nerve

Question 33

sensory innervation to parotid sheath

Answer 33

great auricular n.

Question 34

parasympathetic input to the parotid

Answer 34

V3 - auriculotemporal n.

Question 35

buccal n. vs. long buccal n.

Answer 35

buccal n. (CN 7) is a motor nerve that courses superficial to the masseter m. long buccal n. (CN 5^3) is a sensory nerve that courses deep to the masseter m.