13: Psychology in Other Places Flashcards
(15 cards)
What was the histiography of science?
There is an idea that it started from the West to the rest. It is also based in nationalist hierarchy, ranking and competition; even involving military and economic dominance, colonialism and wars. It also provided the idea that some countries, based on economic, cultural and social development, is better than others.
What were notable periods in Spain?
“golden age” (14-15th century): Spain has colonies/imperial powers
However afterwards they lost their colonies. In 1902, the first chair in Psychology involved leading scientists who were international connected. Later, a second republic of Spain is formed until the Civil War where science was used as a weapon. In the 1940s, the conservative catholic dictatorship wanted to return to the Golden Age and in the 1950s, there was a slow recovery for psychologists.
Who was Luis Simarro?
He formed the Madrid’s school in Spain to teach Wundt’s experimental psychology. He wanted to import knowledge to the country, so he even got his students to study philosophy, physiology and psychology in Germany and France.
Who was Emilio Mira y Lopez?
He was the director of one of the first psychotechnical institutes and formed the Barcelona School. He was interested in behaviorism, psychoanalysis and gestalt psychology (specifically holism). He was critical though of Watson and Freud and rejected them.
What happened in the Spanish Civil War?
It was left wing vs. right wing: Republicans, anarchists and communists against fascists, clergy and conservatives. Other countries even provided support like Nazi Germany and the USSR.
How was science used as a weapon in the Spanish Civil War?
Antonio Vallejo-Najera was a psychiatrist who followed Franco and participated in the “Cleaning Operation.” He did research on Marxism and related it to a mental deficiency after testing 50 prisoners whom were later executed.
What happened during Franco’s Dictatorship?
People were put into exile (like Mira) and the country was put into repression, years of terror, censorship and isolation. Some institutions where psychology had been taught were shut down and practices were closed. This led to the predominance of the Catholic Church.
How did Spain slowly recover scientifically from the Spanish Civil War?
Jose Germain and his group were working at the CSIC in Madrid. These psychologists tried to catch up again with the latest developments in the US and Europe; where they were mainly interested in applied psychology
What was the historiography surrounding China?
Psychological thinking was part of a long-standing intellectual tradition (Confucianism, Taoism and Zen Buddism). In the early 20th century, Chinese students from abroad returned to China and introduced Western Psychology. In 1917, the first laboratory in Beijing (Peking) University and in 1921 the Chinese Psychology Society was formed. They then had a war with Japan that slowed psychological research and then during Mao’s rule, it was demanded to only follow Marxist-Leninist thinking. In the 1970s, Chinese Indigenous Psychology arose in Taiwan. From the 1980s, expanding indigenous psychology and western psychology.
Who was K. S. Yang?
He was born in Shandong and moved to Taiwan. He graduated there before doing his PhD in the US where he then taught at NTU and served as department chair. He realised that psychological thinking was very western and abandoned native Chinese ways of thinking. This led to the formation of indigenous psychology.
What is Chinese Indigenous Psychology based on?
- Confucianism: The philosophical origin of concepts that are still of relevance to modern Chinese society (zhong yong: doctrine of the mean and yi: righteousness)
- Yi Jing: Reflecting Taoist worldview that envisions the universe as a vast network of interrelated events. To understand individuals, you must then understand their relationships and context where they are embedded.
What is the Face and Favour Model?
A model in indigenous psychology where the resource allocator is asked by a practitioner for something. The resource allocator first considers their relationship to the practitioner (stranger/working relationship> instrumental tie> equity rule; closely tied relationship> expressive tie> need rule; somewhere in the middle> mixed tie> renqing rule) and then makes a decision.
What are the two approaches to indigenous psychology?
Ho: Chinese IP as a subdomain of cross-cultural psychology, providing unique perspectives. K. S. Yang wanted to establish representative indigenous psychologies all over the world.
Hwang: a theoretical model that encompasses the individual in the context of the relational environment - aiming to construct cultural-inclusive theories.
What is Indigenous Psychology?
It is the scientific study of human mind and behavioural processes that are indigenous, not taken from other areas and intended for people who are the subject of such research.
