1.3 The neuromuscular system

Question 1

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

Prepares the body for exercise (Fight or Flight)

Increases HR

Question 2

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

To relax the body - slow down HR

Question 3

What are the 2 main types of muscle fibre

Answer 3

Slow twitch (Type 1)
Fast twitch (Type 2)

Question 4

What type of exercise are slow twitch fibres best suited for

Answer 4

Low intensity

Question 5

How do slow twitch fibres produce their energy

Answer 5

Aerobically

Question 6

What type of exercise are fast twitch fibres best suited for

Answer 6

Short intense bursts

Question 7

How do fast twitch fibres produce most of their energy

Answer 7

Anaerobically

Question 8

What are the two types of fast twitch muscle fibres

Answer 8

Type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic

Type 2x fast glycolytic

Question 9

What is the contraction speed of type 1 fibres

Answer 9

Slow (110 metres per second)

Question 10

What is the contraction speed of type 2a muscle fibres

Answer 10

Fast (50 metres per second)

Question 11

What is the contraction speed of type 2x muscle fibres

Answer 11

Fast (50 metres per second)

Question 12

What is the motor neurone size of type 1 fibres

Answer 12

Small

Question 13

What is the motor neurone size of type 2a fibres

Answer 13

Large

Question 14

What is the motor neurone size of type 2x fibres

Answer 14

Large

Question 15

What is the motor neurone conduction capacity of type 1 fibres

Answer 15

Slow

Question 16

What is the motor neurone conduction capacity of type 2a fibres

Answer 16

Fast

Question 17

What is the motor neurone conduction capacity of type 2x fibres

Answer 17

Fast

Question 18

What level of force is produced by type 1 fibres

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

What level of force is produced by type 2a fibres

Answer 19

High

Question 20

What level of force is produced by type 2x fibres

Answer 20

High

Question 21

What is the level of fatiguability of type 1 muscle fibres

Answer 21

Low

Question 22

What is the level of fatigability of type 2a fibres

Answer 22

Medium

Question 23

What is the level of fatigability of type 2x fibres

Answer 23

High

Question 24

What is the mitochondrial density of type 1 fibres

Answer 24

High

Question 25

What is the mitochondrial density of type 2a fibres

Answer 25

Medium

Question 26

What is the mitochondrial density of type 2x fibres

Answer 26

Low

Question 27

What is the level of myoglobin content in type 1 fibres

Answer 27

High

Question 28

What is the level of myoglobin content in type 2a fibres

Answer 28

Medium

Question 29

What is the level of myoglobin content in type 2x fibres

Answer 29

Low

Question 30

What is the level of capillary density in type 1 fibres

Answer 30

High

Question 31

What is the level of capillary density in type 2a fibres

Answer 31

Medium

Question 32

What is the level of capillary density in type 2x fibres

Answer 32

Low

Question 33

What is the aerobic capacity of type 1 fibres

Answer 33

Very high

Question 34

What is the aerobic capacity of type 2a fibres

Answer 34

Medium

Question 35

What is the aerobic capacity of type 2x fibres

Answer 35

Low

Question 36

What is the anaerobic capacity of type 1 fibres

Answer 36

Low

Question 37

What is the anaerobic capacity of type 2a fibres

Answer 37

High

Question 38

What is the anaerobic capacity of type 2x fibres

Answer 38

Very high

Question 39

Enzyme activity level in type 1 fibres

Answer 39

Low

Question 40

Enzyme activity level in type 2a fibres

Answer 40

High

Question 41

Enzyme activity level in type 2x fibres

Answer 41

Very high

Question 42

How can you change muscle fibre type

Answer 42

Training to increase fibre size

Question 43

What is a motor unit

Answer 43

A motor unit and its muscle fibres

Question 44

What is a motor neurone

Answer 44

Nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscle

Question 45

What is a neuromuscular junction

Answer 45

Where the motor neurone and the muscle fibre meet

Question 46

What is the all or none law

Answer 46

A sequence of impulses had to be of sufficient intensity to simulate all of the muscle fibres in a unit for it to contract, if not none of them will contract

Question 47

What are the two ways to increase the strength of a contraction

Answer 47

Wave summation and spatial summation

Question 48

What does PNF stand for

Answer 48

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 49

What is PNF

Answer 49

An advanced stretching technique largely considered to be one of the most effective techniques for increasing flexibility

Question 50

What are muscle spindles

Answer 50

A type of proprioceptor that detect how far and fast a muscle is being stretched

Question 51

What reflex do muscle spindles produce

Answer 51

Stretch reflex

Question 52

What are the golgi tendon organs

Answer 52

A type of proprioceptor that are activated when there is tension in a muscle

Question 53

What is autogenic inhibition

Answer 53

Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension.

Question 54

What receptors cause autogenic inhibition

Answer 54

Golgi tendon organs

Question 55

Describe how to perform PNF stretching

Answer 55

- A passive stretch is performed with the help of a partner to the point where tension is felt, if stretched too far the stretch reflex will occur - Then isometrically contracts the muscle for at least 10 seconds by pushing their leg against a partner who supplies enough resistance to keep the leg stationary. This helps to delay the stretch reflex - As the leg is lifted again the golgi tendon organs cause the agonist muscle to relax, increasing range of movement