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PSL301 > Resp: Anatomy and Breathing > Flashcards

Resp: Anatomy and Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

why dont single cell amoebas need lungs?

A

diffusion is enough to get o2 in and out of the system

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2
Q

what are the 3 sites of exchange in the respiratory system

A

between atmosphere and lung, between lung and blood, between blood and cells

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3
Q

what are the four functions of the respiratory system

A

transfer gases between air and blood
regulate body ph
defence against inhaled pathogens
vocalization

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4
Q

what is the role of the trachea

A
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5
Q

what structures constitute the upper respiratory tract

A
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6
Q

what structures constitute the lower respiratory tract

A
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7
Q

what are the muscles of inspiration

A
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8
Q

what are the muscles of expiration

A
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9
Q

what are the pleural sacs & what is their role

A
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10
Q

what does the fluid in the pleural cavity do

A
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11
Q

what are the three roles of the airway

A
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12
Q

what structures constitute the airway

A
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13
Q

where does gas exchange actually occur

A
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14
Q

what is the role of cilia lining the airway

A
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15
Q

explain what cilia does to mucous, what mucous does, and what the role of the water saline layer is

A
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16
Q

how do immune cells disable pathogens

A
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17
Q

1st bifurcation in the air way splits

A
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18
Q

2-4 bifurcations split

A
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19
Q

how do the 1st - 4th bifurcations maintain their shape

A
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20
Q

the 5th - 11th bifurcations split

A
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21
Q

the 12-16 bifurcations split

A
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22
Q

how are the 5 - 16th bifurcations stabalised

A
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23
Q

t/f: gas exchange happens in the airways

A
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24
Q

why do we want to distribute air to the alveoli at a low velocity?

A
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25
Q

discuss the relationship between surface area and gas exchange

A
26
Q

where does gas exchange occur

A
27
Q

how many alveoli do we have? rough size?

A
28
Q

what is the role of alveoli?

A
29
Q

what is the dif between type 1 and 2 alveolar cells

A
30
Q

which alveolar cells make surfactant

A
31
Q

what does surfactant do

A
32
Q

through which type of diffusion does alveolar gas exchange occur

A
33
Q

describe the blood flow vs blood pressure in the lungs

A
34
Q

describe the path of blood from the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart, indicating when oxygenation occurs

A
35
Q

which side of the heart does blood go to the lungs from ? from which side of the heart does the blood come from the lungs to

A
36
Q

what happens to the right heart in the end stages of heart failure? why

A
37
Q

what happens to lungs in end stages of heart failure

A
38
Q

what are four ways in which the resp system protects itself from pathogens

A
39
Q

what is a spirometer?

A
40
Q

the trough of the wave on a spirometer represents what?

A
41
Q

the peak of the wave of a spirometer represents what?

A
42
Q

what is the VT?

A
43
Q

what is the IRV

A
44
Q

what is the ERV

A
45
Q

what is the RV

A
46
Q

what is the IC

A
47
Q

what is the FRC

A
48
Q

what is the VC

A
49
Q

what is the TLC

A
50
Q

how are each of the volumes and capacities (RV, ERV, TV, IRV, IC, FRC, TLC) affected in obstructive lung disease

A
51
Q

what generally happens in obstructive lung disease? disease example?

A
52
Q

what happens generally in inspiratory restrictive lung disease? disease example?

A
53
Q

what happens generally in expiratory reserve lung disease? disease example?

A
54
Q

how are each of the volumes and capacities (RV, ERV, TV, IRV, IC, FRC, TLC) affected in in inspiratory restrictive lung disease

A
55
Q

how are each of the volumes and capacities (RV, ERV, TV, IRV, IC, FRC, TLC) affected in expiratory restrictive lung disease

A
56
Q

what is FEV

A
57
Q

what is FVC

A
58
Q

what is a normal FEV FVC ratio

A
59
Q

how does the FEV, FVC , and the ratio change in obstructive lung disease? why?

A
60
Q

how can you treat asthma?

A
61
Q

how does the FEV FVC ratio change in restrictive lung disease? why?

A
62
Q

t/f: any FVC FEV ratio about 80% is healthy. explain why or why not

A

PSL301 (32 decks)

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