Renal Stones Flashcards
What is the most common renal stone?
Calcium Oxalate
Which type of stone has a semi-opaque, ground glass appearence on radiograph?
Cystine stone
Which stones are radio-lucent?
Urate stones
Xanthine stones
Where do stag-horn stones form?
In the renal pelvis and extend into at least 2 calyces
True or False?
Stag horn stones for in alkaline urine?
True
What are stag horn stones composed of?
Struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate, triple phosphate)
What predisposes to stag horn stone formation?
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus infections
What is the analgesic of choice in renal colic?
NSAID e.g. Diclofenac
Give IM diclofenac in patients who are require admission and rapid relief of pain
What is the imaging of choice in suspected renal stones?
CT KUB
How does shock-wave lithotripsy work?
A shock wave is generated externally to the patient.
Internally, cavitation bubbles and mechanical stress leads to stone fragmentation
What are some complications of shock-wave lithotripsy?
Solid organ injury
Fragmentation of larger stones - ureteric obstruction
Describe percutaneous nephrolithotomy?
Access is gained to the renal collecting system. Intra-corporeal lithotripsy or stone fragmentation can then be performed
What is the treatment of choice in pregnant females with a stone less than 2cm
Ureteroscopy
What is the treatment of choice in stones less than 2cm aggregate?
Lithotripsy
What procedure is performed for complex renal calculi and staghorn calculi?
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
