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Renal/Urology > Prostate Cancer/BPH > Flashcards

Prostate Cancer/BPH Flashcards

1
Q

How does BPH present?

A

With LUTS - voiding and storage symptoms, dribbling
May also see UTIs and retention

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2
Q

What is the first line treatment of BPH?

A

An alpha-1-antagonist - TAMSULOSIN

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3
Q

What other medication can be prescribed in BPH?

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor - FINASTERIDE
This is used in those at high risk of disease worsening or where Tamsulosin hasn’t worked

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4
Q

What does Tamsulosin do?

A

Decreases the smooth muscle tone of the prostate and bladder

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5
Q

How does Finasteride work?

A

Blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT - causes a reduction in prostate volume

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6
Q

What is the surgical treatment for BPH?

A

TURP - trans-urethral resection of the prostate

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7
Q

When might Desmopressin be prescribed?

A

Later stage drug used in BPH where patients struggle with nocturnal polyuria

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8
Q

What is the most common site for prostate cancer?

A

The peripheral zone

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9
Q

What is the most common type of prostate cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

What is the lymphatic spread of prostate cancer?

A

Obturator nodes

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11
Q

What scoring system is used to stage the aggressiveness of prostate cancer?

A

Gleason’s

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12
Q

What are the first line investigations for suspected prostate cancer?

A

PR
Urine dip
PSA

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13
Q

What is the gold-standard imaging for prostate cancer?

A

Multiparametric MRI

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14
Q

How are the results of a multiparametric MRI reported in suspected prostate cancer?

A

Likert scale
Suspicious lesions score 3+ and then go on to be biopsied

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15
Q

What are the treatment options for localised prostate cancer (T1/2)?

A

Conservative
Radical prostatectomy
Radiotherapy - external beam and brachytherapy

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16
Q

What chemotherapy drug might be used in prostate cancer?

A

Docetaxel

17
Q

What hormonal therapy can be given in prostate cancer?

A

Anti-androgen therapy - GnRH agonist GOSERELIN

18
Q

What can occur in the first few weeks of goserelin treatment?

A

Tumour flair - temporary increase in bone pain and prostate cancer symptoms

19
Q

What can be prescribed to reduce the severity of tumour flair?

A

Flutamide - synthetic antiandrogen

20
Q

What is TURP syndrome?

A

Complication of TURP caused by irrigation with large volumes of glycine
Results in hyponatraemia, hyper-ammonia and visual disturbances
Typically presents with CNS, respiratory and systemic symptoms

Renal/Urology (5 decks)

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