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comd 320- speech a/p > exam 2 muscle functions > Flashcards

exam 2 muscle functions Flashcards

1
Q

inferior constrictor

A

pulls the lower part of the back wall of the pharynx forward, and draws the side walls of the lower pharynx forward and inward

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2
Q

middle constrictor

A

pulls forward on the posterior pharyngeal wall and forward and inward on the lateral pharyngeal walls. causes pharyngeal lumen to constrict regionally

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3
Q

stylopharyngeus

A

pulls upward on the pharynx and pulls the lateral walls outward (widens pharynx)

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4
Q

masseter outer layer

A

elevation of mandible and approximation of mandible and maxilla; moves mandible side to side

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5
Q

masseter inner layer

A

elevation and backwards pull on the mandible and approximates jaws

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6
Q

temporalis

A

pulls upward and backward on the mandible; moves side to side

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7
Q

temporalis

A

pulls upward and backward on the mandible; moves side to side

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8
Q

internal pterygoid

A

elevation and side to side movement of the mandible

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9
Q

external pterygoid

A

pulls condyle/mandible forward, downward and side to side

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10
Q

digastric (anterior belly)

A

pulls upward on the hyoid bone and/or downward on the mandible

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11
Q

mylohyoid or geniohyoid

A

pulls down on the mandible or upward and forward on the hyoid

GENIOHYOID IS INNERVATED BY CN XII (hypoglossal)

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12
Q

superior longitudinal

A

shortens the tongue, pulls tip upward, pulls lateral margins upward

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13
Q

inferior longitudinal

A

shortens the tongue, and pulls the tip downward

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14
Q

vertical

A

flattens the tongue

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15
Q

transverse

A

narrows and elongates the tongue

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16
Q

styloglossus

A
  • body of tongue is drawn upward and backward
  • side of tongue pulled up
  • tongue shortened
  • tongue tip pulled toward the side
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17
Q

palatoglossus

A

pulls upward, backward, and inward on the root of the tongue

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18
Q

hyoglossus

A

lowers the tongue body and draws it backwards

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19
Q

genioglossus lower fibers

A

move tongue root forward forcing tip againsat teeth or out of mouth

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20
Q

genioglossus middle fibers

A

front of tongue pulled backward

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21
Q

genioglossus upper fibers

A

centerline of tongue pulled downward to form a depression along its length

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22
Q

orbicularis oris

A
  • move lips toward each other and forward (closure
  • move corners of the mouth up, down, toward the side, or toward the midline
  • force lips and/or corners of mouth against teeth
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23
Q

buccinator

A
  • pull the mouth corner back and towards the side
  • forces the lip and cheek against the teeth
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24
Q

risorius

A

draws the corner of the mouth backward and towards the side

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25
Q

levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip

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26
Q

levator labii superiors alaeque nasi

A

elevates the upper lip and nasal segment dilates the anterior nares

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27
Q

zygomatic minor

A

elevates upper lip and pulls the corner of the mouth upward

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28
Q

zygomatic major

A

pulls backward on the corner of the mouth, lifts it up and towards the side

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29
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A
  • pulls lower lip downward and to the side
  • turns lower lip outward
30
Q

mentalis

A
  • pulls chin tissue upward
  • forces lower part of lower lip against the alveolar process of the mandible
  • curls lower lip outward (pouting)
31
Q

levator anguli oris

caninus

A
  • draws the corner of the mouth upward and towards the side
  • raises the lower lip against the upper lip
32
Q

depressor anguli oris

triangularis

A
  • pulls the corner of the motuh downward
  • draws the upper lip downward towards the lower lip
33
Q

incisivus labii superioris

A

pulls the corner of the mouth upward and toward the midline

34
Q

incisivus labii inferioris

A

pulls the corner of the mouth downward and inward

35
Q

platysma

A
  • draws the skin of the neck towards the mandible
  • pulls lower lip and corner of the mouth to the side and downward
  • forces the lower lip against the lower teeth and the alveolar process of mandible
36
Q

innervations of the mandible

A

CN V (trigeminal)
except for geniohyoid which is CN XII (hypoglossal)

37
Q

innervation of the lips

A

CN VII (facial)

38
Q

innervation of stylopharyngeus

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

39
Q

innervation of the constrictors

A

CN X (vagus)

40
Q

innvervation of velum

A

pharyngeal plexus= CN IX, X, possibly XI
expcept palatal tensor which is innervated by CN V

outer nose= CN VII

41
Q

innervations of the tongue

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)
expect palatoglossus which is CN X & XI (vagus & accessory)

42
Q

nodules

structural

A

bilateral; anterior 1-2/3; callous-like growth; gradual onset
- causes: phonotrauma

voice Tx

43
Q

polyps

structural

A

unilateral; fluid/blood filled blisters; contralateral lesions; not as deep as nodules; sudden onset
- causes: phonotrauma; coughing; URI; NSAIDS; menstrual cycle

voice Tx and/or surgery

44
Q

LPR/GERD

structural

A

lesions near arytenoid cartilages
- causes: reflux; GERD becomes LPR when it comes up the esophagus and enters the larynx

reflux management; medicine; diet/lifestyle changes

45
Q

granuloma

structural

A

sphereical growth above or below the folds; often removed surgically but they come back
- causes: reflux; intubation; phonotrauma; coughing/clearing throat; and/or chronic vomiting

lifestyle/diet changes; voice Tx; reflux manage.; cough therapy; inhaler

46
Q

reinke’s edema

structural

A

folds are very swollen, may even overlap; lots of loose flappy fluid filled tissued
- caused by smoking

quit smoking, then surgery

47
Q

carcinoma

structural

A

white surface legions on the folds; stiffness; varied location
- causes: smoking; HPV; causes vary

surgery; chemotherapy; radiation

48
Q

papilloma

structural

A

irregular growths; unilateral or bilateral; can go dormant then reappear
- causes: HPV (transmitted via bodily secretion NOT blood)

surgery- it may recur but there’s no way of getting rid of it

49
Q

hemmorrhage

structural

A

broad bruising; may appear discolored; sudden voice change
- causes: phonotrauma; coughing; URI; NSAIDS; menstrual cycle

voice rest then treat whatever is left over (nodules/polyps)

50
Q

hemorrhage

structural

A

broad bruising; may appear discolored; sudden voice change
- causes: phonotrauma; coughing; URI; NSAIDS; menstrual cycle

voice rest then treat whatever is left over (nodules/polyps)

51
Q

cyst

structural

A

unilateral buldge on fold; benign; cyst is deep into the tissue, so the affected fold is stiffer than the other
- cause: plugged mucous gland; cilia hair

medical management; surgery (doesn’t respond well to voice therapy)

52
Q

web

structural

A

blunting of anterior commissure; folds cannot abduct well; noise when breathing; shortness of breath; respiratory tract looks like a U instead of a V
- cause: congenital (present at birth)

surgery- shunt is put in place so that the pieces don’t reheal together

53
Q

muscle tension dysphonia

functional

A

rough/hoarse voice; deepening of voice; difficulty projecting; throat pain with use, especially while performing; vocal fatigue; sudden changes in pitch; sense of strained or effortful voice
- causes: pattern of muscle use that can develop during laryngitis or improper voice use; stress; can cooccur with other problems (ie. secondary problem)

voice therapy

54
Q

mutational falsetto (puberphonia)

functional

A

abnormally high voice
- causes: habitual high voice use; tense muscles

laryngeal resposturing

55
Q

paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction

functional

A

present at triggers (smells, certain activities); chronic cough; inhalatory stridor
- causes: variable; strong odors, smoke, exercise, work, stress

remove triggers; therapy

56
Q

vocal fold paralysis

neurological

A

folds stuck adducted/abducted or somewhere inbetween; bilateral or unilateral
- cause: virus; surgery; congenital (if the cause is viral sometimes the nerve can heal itself with time)

surgery; collagen injection (plumps up vocal fold); voice Tx

57
Q

bowing

neurological

A

spindle shaped glottis; bowed folds; folds cannot fully adduct
- causes: atrophy of vocal folds; presbylaryngis (aging)

voice therapy; collagen injection; surgery

58
Q

vocal tremor

neurological

A

shaky voice; upper body, head, and vocal tremor
- cause: high hereditary (involves cerebellum, thalamus, and brainstem); thought to be associated with essential tremor

medication (esp. for blood pressure); botox; some new therapy techniques

59
Q

spasmodic dysphonia

neurological

A

adductor is more common than abductor; focal laryngeal dystonia
- cause: involuntary muscle spasms

botox injections into TA muscle

60
Q

respiratory dysphonia

neurological

A

present at rest; inhalatory stridor; adductor muscles involved in breathing
- causes: unknown; genetic; serious antidepressants

medical therapy – neurologist

61
Q

secondary to other

neurological

A

voice disorder is associated with other neurological conditon
- cause: neurological condition like parkinson’s, ALS, myasthenia gravis, etc

mostly address primary condition; voice therapy

62
Q

salpingopharyngeus

A

pulls lateral pharyngeal walls upward and inward

63
Q

palatopharyngeus

A

pulls inward on upper pharyngeal walls and upward on lower lateral pharyngeal walls

FIXED VELUM

64
Q

palatal levator

A

draws velum upward and backward

65
Q

uvulus

only intrinsic muscle in the velum

A

shorten, lift, and increase bulk of velum

66
Q

glossopalatine

with tongue fixed

A

pulls downward and forward on the velum

with tongue fixed

67
Q

pharyngopalatine

with pharynx fixed

A

pulls downward and backward on the velum

with pharynx fixed

68
Q

palatal tensor

tensor veli palatini

A

opens auditory tube

INNERVATED BY CN V

69
Q

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

nasal portion

A

draws the ala upward and enlarges the naris

the lip portion elevates the upper lip

70
Q

anterior nasal dilator and posterior nasal dilator

A

enlarges the naris

71
Q

nasalis

A

constricts the naris

72
Q

depressor alae nasi

A

pulls the outer nose downward & decreases naris aperture (constricts naris)

comd 320- speech a/p (7 decks)

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