Chapter 5: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What was abnormal behaviour was historically attributed to?
Supernatural forces; possession by demons, evil spirits.
Describe trephination.
A hole is drilled into the patient’s skull, supposedly to allow evil spirits to exit the body.
What do mania, melancholia, and phrenitis refer to, respectively?
Mania: Intense euphoria
Melancholia: Intense sadness
Phrenitis: Mental confusion
What are the three ‘D’s of psychopathology?
Distressing, dysfunctional, deviant.
What is the modern definition of abnormal behaviour?
Behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or so culturally deviant that people say it is maladaptive.
What are the two factors contributing to psych disorders under the Vulnerability-Stress Model/Diathesis-Stress model?
Vulnerability, stressors. (duh)
What is the DSM-5? (What does it stand for and what does it allow for?)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition. It allows for reliability and standardization in diagnosis of psych disorders.
How does the DSM-5 differ from its predecessor, the DSM-4?
The DSM-5 is less restrictive. It takes a more continuous dimensional approach (as opposed to a binary in-or-out categorization).
In the context of psych disorders, what is comorbidity?
An overlap in different types of disorders.
What is reductionism and why is it bad.
Reductionism refers to reducing patients to their label. Eventually both patient and clinician see all behaviours as symptoms of perceived pathology. (confirmation bias)
Describe some symptoms of internalizing vs externalizing disorders, respectively.
Internalizing: distress, fear, depression, anxiety, panic
Externalizing: impulsivity, out of control behaviour, substance abuse
Describe the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).
State of diffuse, ‘free-floating’ anxiety, not tied to specific situations.
What are Phobic Disorders?
Strong, irrational fears of objects or situations.
What are the cognitive and behavioural components of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), respectively?
Cognitive: obsessions; repeated unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, etc.
Behavioural: Compulsions in response to obsessions to reduce anxiety.
(Low/High) levels of GABA are associated with anxiety disorders.
Low