Chapter 6: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The goal of psychoanalysis was to help patients achieve __________.

Answer 1

insight

Question 2

Describe the processes of free association and dream interpretation.

Answer 2

Free association: verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, images that enter awareness without censorship
Dream interpretation: belief that dreams are reflection of subconscious with symbolic meaning

Question 3

In the context of psychoanalysis, what is resistance?

Answer 3

Defensive maneuvers that hinder therapy. Often a sign that anxiety-arousing material is approaching.

Question 4

What is transference?

Answer 4

Transference is when the patient responds irrationally to therapist as if they were a figure in the patient’s life.

Positive Transference: positive feelings towards therapist
Negative Transference: negative feelings towards therapist

Question 5

How do modern psychodynamic therapies differ from Freudian psychodynamics?

Answer 5

Modern therapies are briefer. The goal is less to analyze, but rather to unpack specific problems in the patient’s life.

Question 6

What is the focus of cognitive therapies?

Answer 6

The role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns.

Question 7

What is the ABCD Model under Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)?

Answer 7

Activating event, belief system, consequences, disputing maladaptive thoughts.

Question 8

Behavioural therapies believe that __________ is the problem, rather than a symptom of a problem.

Answer 8

maladaptive behaviour

Question 9

__________ is a process of exposure to real-life stimuli related to phobias.

Answer 9

Flooding

Question 10

__________ consists of imagining scenes involving stimuli related to phobias.

Answer 10

Implosion

Question 11

Systematic desensitization seeks to eliminate anxiety through what process?

Answer 11

Counter-conditioning.

Question 12

What behavioural treatment consists of controlled exposure to ‘real-life’ situations related to anxiety-inducing tasks?

Answer 12

In-vivo desensitization.

Question 13

Describe the Modelling approach to behavioural therapy.

Answer 13

Learning of new skills by observing and imitating a model. (therapist)

Question 14

Cognitive-behavioural therapies centre around concepts of __________, from humanistic and eastern methods

Answer 14

mindfulness

Question 15

Describe Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

Answer 15

Focus is placed on mindfulness as a vehicle of change and anxiety as a temporary state.

Question 16

Dialectal Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is developed specifically to treat what disorder?

Answer 16

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). It is also effective at treating other disorders as well.

Question 17

What are some focuses of client-centred therapy/Person-centred therapy?

Answer 17

Genuineness, empathy, unconditional positive regard.

Question 18

Animal-assisted therapy (does/does not) have a regulative body.

Answer 18

does not

Question 19

What is psychopharmacology?

Answer 19

The study of how drugs affect cognition, emotions, behaviour.

Question 20

What are psychotropics?

Answer 20

Drugs that affect mental processes by changing brain chemistry.

Question 21

Which neurotransmitters do tricyclics increase the activity of?

Answer 21

Norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 22

How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?

Answer 22

They increase the activity of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting MAOs, which break them down.

Question 23

How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work and why are they sometimes favoured over other drugs?

Answer 23

They block the reuptake of serotonin. They are favoured due to their milder side effects compared to other drugs.

Question 24

What is tardive diskinesia and how does it relate to antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 24

Tardive diskinesia is a severe movement disorder of the face, tongue, arms, and legs. It is a side effect of a previous treatment for schizophrenia.

Question 25

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in treating what disorders?

Answer 25

Severe depression.

Question 26

Describe the psychosurgical procedures of the lobotomy and cingulotomy.

Answer 26

Lobotomy: Destruction of nerve tracts to frontal lobes
Cingulotomy: Severing of connections between frontal lobes and limbic system via corpus callosum

Question 27

What factors affect the outcome of therapy?

Answer 27

Therapist variables, client variables, techniques.

Question 28

How do rates of suicide differ between men and women?

Answer 28

Women are statistically more likely to attempt suicide, men have a 3x higher rate of successful suicide.