Chapter 6: Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

The goal of psychoanalysis was to help patients achieve __________.

A

insight

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2
Q

Describe the processes of free association and dream interpretation.

A

Free association: verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, images that enter awareness without censorship
Dream interpretation: belief that dreams are reflection of subconscious with symbolic meaning

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3
Q

In the context of psychoanalysis, what is resistance?

A

Defensive maneuvers that hinder therapy. Often a sign that anxiety-arousing material is approaching.

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4
Q

What is transference?

A

Transference is when the patient responds irrationally to therapist as if they were a figure in the patient’s life.

Positive Transference: positive feelings towards therapist
Negative Transference: negative feelings towards therapist

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5
Q

How do modern psychodynamic therapies differ from Freudian psychodynamics?

A

Modern therapies are briefer. The goal is less to analyze, but rather to unpack specific problems in the patient’s life.

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6
Q

What is the focus of cognitive therapies?

A

The role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns.

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7
Q

What is the ABCD Model under Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)?

A

Activating event, belief system, consequences, disputing maladaptive thoughts.

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8
Q

Behavioural therapies believe that __________ is the problem, rather than a symptom of a problem.

A

maladaptive behaviour

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9
Q

__________ is a process of exposure to real-life stimuli related to phobias.

A

Flooding

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10
Q

__________ consists of imagining scenes involving stimuli related to phobias.

A

Implosion

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11
Q

Systematic desensitization seeks to eliminate anxiety through what process?

A

Counter-conditioning.

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12
Q

What behavioural treatment consists of controlled exposure to ‘real-life’ situations related to anxiety-inducing tasks?

A

In-vivo desensitization.

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13
Q

Describe the Modelling approach to behavioural therapy.

A

Learning of new skills by observing and imitating a model. (therapist)

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14
Q

Cognitive-behavioural therapies centre around concepts of __________, from humanistic and eastern methods

A

mindfulness

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15
Q

Describe Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

A

Focus is placed on mindfulness as a vehicle of change and anxiety as a temporary state.

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16
Q

Dialectal Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is developed specifically to treat what disorder?

A

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). It is also effective at treating other disorders as well.

17
Q

What are some focuses of client-centred therapy/Person-centred therapy?

A

Genuineness, empathy, unconditional positive regard.

18
Q

Animal-assisted therapy (does/does not) have a regulative body.

A

does not

19
Q

What is psychopharmacology?

A

The study of how drugs affect cognition, emotions, behaviour.

20
Q

What are psychotropics?

A

Drugs that affect mental processes by changing brain chemistry.

21
Q

Which neurotransmitters do tricyclics increase the activity of?

A

Norepinephrine and serotonin.

22
Q

How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?

A

They increase the activity of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting MAOs, which break them down.

23
Q

How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work and why are they sometimes favoured over other drugs?

A

They block the reuptake of serotonin. They are favoured due to their milder side effects compared to other drugs.

24
Q

What is tardive diskinesia and how does it relate to antipsychotic drugs?

A

Tardive diskinesia is a severe movement disorder of the face, tongue, arms, and legs. It is a side effect of a previous treatment for schizophrenia.

25
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in treating what disorders?

A

Severe depression.

26
Q

Describe the psychosurgical procedures of the lobotomy and cingulotomy.

A

Lobotomy: Destruction of nerve tracts to frontal lobes
Cingulotomy: Severing of connections between frontal lobes and limbic system via corpus callosum

27
Q

What factors affect the outcome of therapy?

A

Therapist variables, client variables, techniques.

28
Q

How do rates of suicide differ between men and women?

A

Women are statistically more likely to attempt suicide, men have a 3x higher rate of successful suicide.