Lecture 14: Health Promotion Flashcards
What cancers does smoking cause?
- Head/ neck
- Lung
- Leukoemia
- Stomach
- Kidney
- Pancreas
- Colol
- Bladder
- Cervix
What chronic diseases does smoking cause?
- Stroke
- Blindness
- Gum infection
- Aortic rupture
- Heart disease
- Pneumonia
- Hardening of the arteries
- Chronic lung disease & asthma
- Reduced fertility
- Hip fracture
What are the effects of smoking on arteries and the heart?
- can damage the lining of the blood vessels and cause the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries (atherosclerosis)
- raises the heart rate and blood pressure by causing narrowing of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
- increases the likelihood of forming blood clots in the arteries leading to heart attacks. It reduces the flow of oxygen to the heart and damages the heart muscles
What cancer causes the most deaths?
Lung cancer
Why is tobacco addictive?
- Physically addictive due to nicotine
- Behavioral addiction : situations linked with tobacco use
- Emotional addiction: becomes a coping mechanism
How is nicotine addictive?
Nicotine can enter the brain within 10 seconds of inhaling tobacco smoke. Once it enters the brain, it sets off a cascade of 7 transmitters along something called the “dopamine reward pathway”. The dopamine reward pathway is just a system of changes in brain chemistry that makes you feel good in response to doing something.
What is the social cognitive theory?
focuses on the role of observing and learning from others, and on positive and negative reinforcement of behaviour.
What is the theory of planned behavior?
Assumes that people’s behaviour is determined by intention (Choice)
What is the transtheoretical model (stages of change model)
Thinking of quitting/ not thinking of quitting
What is the quit plan?
S-specific
M-meausurable
A- Attainable
R- Relevant
T- time based
What do you need to be aware of when quitting?
- Nicotine withdrawal
- Triggers
- Social situations
- Relapse
- Weight management
What are signs of nicotine withdrawals?
Irritability, sleepiness, anxiety, anger, sadness, restlessness, insomnia, increased appetite, sweating
What are the coping strategies?
Delay, Distract, Drink water, Deep breaths, Discuss
What are the treatments to help quit smoking?
- nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)/therapeutic nicotine: nicotine patch, gum, lozenges (mini), inhaler and mouth spray
- Bupropion (Zyban; nicotine free pill; prescription drug)
- Varenicline (Champix; nicotine free pill; prescription drug)
How do you calculate pack year history?
Number of cigarettes smoked a day/ 20 X Number of years the patient has smoked
