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Dental hygiene > Oral biology final > Flashcards

Oral biology final Flashcards

1
Q

The color that results when the mucosa is constantly irritated and the epithelium becomes thicker

A

White

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2
Q

The type of dentin that continually form throughout ones life time

A

Secondary dentin

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3
Q

Each tooth develops from ___ or more growth centers known as developmental lobes that grow out from the tooth germ

A

4

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4
Q

These are incisal ridges on anterior teeth separated by developmental grooves

A

Mamelons

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5
Q

Anterior teeth have ___ facial lobes and ___ lingual lobes

A

3,1

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6
Q

Which molar usually has a 5th lobe/cuspid

A

1st molar

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7
Q

Which premolar may have 2 or 3 cusps

A

Mandibular 2nd

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8
Q

Mandibular teeth usually erupt ___ maxillary teeth

A

Before

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9
Q

All deciduous teeth are usually erupted by what age

A

2.5 years old

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10
Q

As the child grows the jaw also grows but the erupted teeth do not grow any larger, creating space and separations between the teeth called

A

Primate spacing

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11
Q

The first permanent teeth to erupt are usually the

A

First molars

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12
Q

Which teeth act as the foundation for the rest of the permanent denition

A

1st molars

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13
Q

It is not uncommon for permanent incisors to erupt ___ to deciduous Incisors while deciduous incisors are still in place

A

Lingually

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14
Q

Which teeth break the rule of mandibular teeth erupting before maxillary teeth

A

Maxillary 2nd premolars

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15
Q

Teeth that do not completely erupt, but remain embedded in bone, or soft tissue

A

Impacted teeth

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16
Q

As teeth erupt and meet the teeth in the opposing arch they form what is called

A

Occlusal plane

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17
Q

The period of denition that begins about 6 years of age and lasts while both primary and secondary teeth are present

A

Mixed dention

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the teeth

A

Unscrewing bottle cap

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19
Q

The crown of the tooth is covered with

A

Enamel

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20
Q

The whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel, whether it is erupted or not

A

Anatomic crown

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21
Q

Any unerupted part of the tooth

A

Clinical root

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22
Q

The hardest tissue in the body

A

Enamel

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23
Q

The type of dentin that is laid down in response to caries or tramua

A

Tertiary/ Reparative dentin

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24
Q

Nutrition for cementum is derived from outside of the tooth through ___ coming directly from bone

A

Blood vessels

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25
Q

Incisors are designed to ___ food

A

Cut

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26
Q

Molars are designed to ____ food

A

Grind

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27
Q

A depression or concavity on a tooth

A

Fossa

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28
Q

An elevated portion of a tooth that runs in a line

A

Ridge

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29
Q

Spaces between the teeth that are occlusal to the contact areas

A

Embrasures

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30
Q

The widest part of the crown of the tooth is called the

A

Height of contour

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31
Q

How many succedaneous teeth are there?

A

20

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32
Q

Of the 3 possible anterioposterior relationships in primary occlusion which is the most common?

A

Mesial step

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33
Q

As the primary molars are exfoliated they are replaced by permanent premolars causing extra space called

A

Leeway space

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34
Q

Horizontal alignment of the teeth is due to the equilibrium of 2 factors the tongue, and

A

Lips and cheeks

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35
Q

When one or more teeth in the mandibular arch are located facial to the opposing maxillary teeth

A

Cross bite

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36
Q

When the anterior teeth do not touch, but are widely separated when their centric occlusion

A

Open bite

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37
Q

According to angles classification system the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary 1st molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular 1st molar is

A

Class 1

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38
Q

In lateral mandibular glide side which no teeth are contacting is

A

No working side

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39
Q

In the general rules of tooth identification, if tooth roots curve they usually curve

A

Distally

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40
Q

Which teeth are the most commonly congenitally missing teeth after the third molars

A

Maxillary lateral incisors

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41
Q

What is the age of eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors

A

7-8 years old

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42
Q

The smallest teeth in the entire dentition

A

Mandibular central incisors

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43
Q

The nerves in the pulp of the tooth elicit what type of response

A

Pain

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44
Q

if a tooth is lost a tooth in the opposing arch may erupt too far into the mouth

A

Supraeruption

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45
Q

The roots of molars tend to be ___ the more posteriorly they are positioned

A

Shorter

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46
Q

Which teeth are the longest in the entire dentition

A

Maxillary canines

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47
Q

Canines are designed to __ food

A

Hold and tear

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48
Q

AN area of the root that is not covered by cementum can cause

A

Sensitivity

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49
Q

Which of the premolars usually have 2 roots

A

Maxillary 1st premolar

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50
Q

Any ridge that runs from the cusp tip to the central groove of the occlusal surface of the tooth is

A

Triangular ridge

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51
Q

What makes the mandibular 1st premolar unique

A

A functional lingual cusp

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52
Q

The 3 cusp type of the mandibular 2nd premolar may have a groove pattern on the occlusal surface resembling what letter

A

Y

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53
Q

Which cusp form of the mandibular 2nd premolar is more common

A

3 cusp
54.2% have 3cusp, 43% have 2 cusp, 2.8% have 4 cusps

54
Q

The crown measurements of posterior teeth are ___ cervicoocclusally than anterior teeth

A

Shorter

55
Q

How many nonsuccedaneous teeth are there?

A

12

56
Q

What is the name of the 5th supplemental cusp of the maxillary 1st molar

A

Cusp of carabelli

57
Q

What is the occlusal outline of. The maxillary 1st molar

A

Rhomboidal

58
Q

What is the eruption time of the maxillary 2nd molars?

A

11-13 years

59
Q

What is the occlusal outline of the maxillary 2nd molar

A

Heart shapped

60
Q

How many roots do the maxillary molars have

A

3 roots

61
Q

Of the 3 maxillary molars roots which is the longest?

A

Lingual/ palatal root

62
Q

How many cusps does the mandibular first molar have

A

5

63
Q

What pattern is formed on the occlusal surface of the mandibular 1st molar

A

Y

64
Q

What is the geometric shape of the occlusal surface of the mandibular 2nd molars?

A

Rectangular

65
Q

How many cusps do Mandibular 2nd molars have

A

4

66
Q

Mandibular molar usually have how manny pulp canals

A

3 mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, and distal

67
Q

How many teeth are in the deciduous dentition

A

20

68
Q

Which deciduous teeth are usually the first to erupt

A

Mandibular central incisors

69
Q

Which deciduous teeth are wider mesiodistally than the permanent teeth that replace them

A

Deciduous molars

70
Q

How is the color of the deciduous teeth different from the permanent teeth

A

Lighter

71
Q

How are the pulp cavities of deciduous teeth different than permanent teeth

A

Large in proportion to crown size

72
Q

An anomaly that occurs before birth or at birth is

A

Congenital

73
Q

Where do supernumerary teeth most commonly occur

A

Maxillary midline and molars

74
Q

Which teeth are least likely to be congenitally missing

A

Canines

75
Q

Teeth which are situated buccally or lingually to a molar

A

Paramolars

76
Q

A condition when 2 adjacent tooth germs unite they maybe united long part or the entire length of the tooth union must occur at the dentin

A

Fusion

77
Q

Condition which occurs when there is a failure of the hertwigs epithelial root sheath to properly invaginate horizontally, creating elongated pulp chambers with short stunted roots

A

Taurodontism

78
Q

Indentation at the midline of the upper lip

A

Philtrum, its derived from embryonic medial nasal processes

79
Q

A change is identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally

A

Differentiation

80
Q

There are two types of cells involved in the initiation of tooth development. One type is oral epithelial cells. What is the other?

A

Mesenchymal cells

81
Q

During which week is the dental lamina seen?

A

6th week

82
Q

The 1st stage of enamel organ development, the bud stage starts in the ___ embryonic week

A

8th week is the initial budding of the 10 thickened areas of the dental lamina

83
Q

During the cap stage the mesenchyme forms the dental papilla which becomes

A

Pulp

84
Q

This is the outermost part of the structure of the cap stage and is directly continuation of the basal cell layer

A

OEE

85
Q

Appearance of the stratum intermedium is the beginning of what stage of enamel organ development

A

Bell stage

86
Q

This is an extension to the lingual side of each developing primary tooth

A

Successional lamina

87
Q

Which embryonic layer does dentin come from

A

Mesoderm

88
Q

Which embryonic layer does enamel come from

A

Ectoderm

89
Q

What are the cells that form enamel

A

Ameloblasts

90
Q

What are the cells that form the dentin

A

Odontoblasts

91
Q

What is the inorganic composition of enamel

A

96%

92
Q

The primary unit of enamels structure

A

Enamel Rod

93
Q

How many ameloblasts together form one enamel rod?

A

3-4

94
Q

What is the shape of the enamel rod?

A

Keyhole

95
Q

the stage of enamel development when the hydroxyapatite crystals are deposited into the enamel matrix

A

Mineralization stage

96
Q

What is the inorganic composition of dentin

A

70 %

97
Q

The bulk of the Dentinal material is the “glue” that holds all the tubules together

A

Intertubular dentin

98
Q

The type of dentin that is formed when the tooth erupts and comes into contact with the opposing tooth

A

Secondary dentin

99
Q

Reparative dentin is formed in response to local Rama and is located immediately beneath the trauma area. The type of trauma that is usually the result of cavity preparation is called

A

Mechanical trauma

100
Q

Which of the following are the peripheral cells of the pulp

A

Odontoblasts

101
Q

Which cells are the protection for the pulp

A

Macrophages

102
Q

During the bell stage the point where the OEE meets the IEE is located at the deepest part of the enamel organ

A

Cervical loop

103
Q

The tip of the epithelial root sheath that turns horizontally inward

A

Epithelial diaphragm

104
Q

The 3 components of the attachment apparatus are cementum,periodontal ligament and

A

Alveolar bone

105
Q

These are cells of the epithelial root sheath that have pulled away from the dentin and are found in the PDL space next to the tooth

A

Epithelial rest cell

106
Q

What is the inorganic component of cementum

A

45-50%

107
Q

As cementum is laid down it may assume 3 different relationships with the enamel of the crown what is the most common?

A

Cementum overlaps enamel

108
Q

The type o cementum where the cementoblasts remain on the surface instead of becoming entrapped in cementum. They are located in the cervical 2/3 of the root

A

Acellular

109
Q

Ends of the periodontal ligament fibers that become surrounded by cementoblasts are called

A

Sharpeys fibers

110
Q

Alveolar bone originates from which embryonic layer

A

Mesoderm

111
Q

Layer of bone is radiographically referred to as the lamina dura

A

Cribriform plate also called alveolar bone proper

112
Q

The PDL fibers which run from cementum to alveolar bone

A

Alverolodental fibers

113
Q

Alveolodental fiber group of PDL fibers that is only on multi rooted teeth

A

Interradicular group

114
Q

When a tooth is lost the tooth posterior to it will usually tilt forward into the unoccupied space this is know as

A

Mesial drift

115
Q

Phenomenon that refers to the total life span of the tooth from the crown development until the tooth is lost or the person dies

A

Active tooth eruption

116
Q

Type of eruptive movement in high the crown of the tooth developers while the bottom of the socket fills in with bone, pushing the crown towards the surface

A

Spatial

117
Q

Tooth movement in the eruptive stage tends to be

A

Occlusal and facial

118
Q

The stage of eruption that takes place when the teeth come into occlusion

A

Post eruptive stage

119
Q

Type of mucosa found on the gingiva and hard palate

A

Masticatory mucosa

120
Q

The oral mucosa membrane is composed of stratified squamous epithelium and

A

Connective tissue

121
Q

The type of stifled squamous epithelium which has a surface layer with layers of dead cells without nuclei

A

Keratinized

122
Q

Type of stratified squamous epithelium that has cells on the surface with nuclei that are healthy and normal

A

Nonkeratinized

123
Q

Lining mucosa

A

Nonkeratinized to parakeratinized

124
Q

Tissue on the gingiva and hard palate is

A

Parakeratinized to keratinized

125
Q

The peak of gingiva that extends coronally between the teeth is the

A

Interdental papilla

126
Q

Part of the interdental papilla that is apical to the contact area is

A

Col

127
Q

The shallow groove around the tooth

A

Gingival sulcus

128
Q

The connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue

A

Submucosa

129
Q

Of the 4 stages of passive eruption the stage that is considered pathological and is frequently referred to as gingival recession

A

Stage 4

130
Q

The attaching of epithelium to tooth is an extremely active process, and the cells providing for this attachment are replace every

A

3-5 days

131
Q

What direction do the rods run

A

DEJ to the surface of the crown

Dental hygiene (20 decks)

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