Chapter 1 - Parts of the Cell

Question 1

a lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containing transport and signaling systems

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane

Question 2

double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus.
- pores allow specific communication withe the cytoplasm
- is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae
- functions in energy production through metabolism
- contains its own DNA and is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium

Answer 3

Chloroplasts (plastids)

Question 4

a network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell
- covered with ribosomes (causing the “rough” appearance) which are in the process of synthesizing proteins for secretion or localization in membranes

Answer 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 5

protein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

a network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell
- a site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids
- also contains enzymes for detoxifying chemicals including drugs and pesticides

Answer 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 7

A series of stacked membranes
- vesicles (small membrane surrounded baggs) carry materials from the RER to the Golgi apparatus
- Veiscles move between the stacks while the proteins are “processed” to a mature form
- vesicles then carry newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations including secretion or membrane localization

Answer 7

Golgi Apparatus

Question 8

a membrane bound organelled that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell and also helps degrade materials ingested by the cell

Answer 8

Lysosomes

Question 9

membrane surrounded “bags” that contains water and storage materials ingested by the cell

Answer 9

Vacuoles

Question 10

produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism

Answer 10

Peroxisomes or Microbodies

Question 11

plants have a rigid ___ in addition to their cell membranes

Answer 11

Cell Wall

Question 12

enclosed by the plasma membrane, liquid portion called cytosol and it houses the membranous organelles

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

arrays of protein filaments in the cytosol
- gives the cell its shape and provides basis for movement
- microtubules and microfilaments

Answer 13

Cytoskeleton

Question 14

How small do we have to go to see cells?

Answer 14

Nanometers

Question 15

renowned German chemist who synthesized urea from an inorganic compound

Answer 15

Friedrich Wohler