Chapter 9 - Carbohydrates Continued

Question 1

called simples sugars

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 2

includes glucose, fructose, and galactose

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of

Answer 3

hextose sugars

Question 4

found in sports drinks

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

is found in fruits

Answer 5

fructose

Question 6

contains both glucose and fructose

Answer 6

honey

Question 7

is called “milk sugar”

Answer 7

galactose

Question 8

structures that are different, but their chemical formulas are the same

Answer 8

isomers

Question 9

examples of isomers

Answer 9

glucose and fructose

Question 10

are the main fuel that cells use for cellular work

Answer 10

monosaccharides

Question 11

is composed of glucose+ fructose

Answer 11

sucrose

Question 12

sucrose is composed of

Answer 12

glucose+fructose

Question 13

is composed of 2 glucose molecules

Answer 13

maltose

Question 14

maltose is composed of

Answer 14

2 glucose molecules

Question 15

is composed of galactose+glucose

Answer 15

lactose

Question 16

lactose is composed of

Answer 16

galactose+glucose

Question 17

sucrose, maltose, and lactose are examples of

Answer 17

disaccharides

Question 18

complex carbohydrates

Answer 18

polysaccharides

Question 19

composed of many sugar monomers linked together

Answer 19

polysaccharides

Question 20

polymers of monosaccharides chains

Answer 20

polysacchardies

Question 21

is an example of polysaccharides in plants

Answer 21

starch

Question 22

plant cells store ___ for energy

Answer 22

starch

Question 23

major sources of starch in the human diet

Answer 23

potatoes

grains

Question 24

is the most abundant organic compound on earth

Answer 24

cellulose

Question 25

it forms cable-like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plants

Answer 25

cellulose

Question 26

a major component of wood

Answer 26

cellulose

Question 27

also known as dietary fiber

Answer 27

cellulose

Question 28

the glyceraldehydes

Answer 28

asymmetric carbons

Question 29

non-superimposable mirror images

Answer 29

enantiomers

Question 30

same chemical type and size, noin-mirror images

Answer 30

diastereomers

Question 31

diastereomers differing in configuration of one carbon only

Answer 31

epimers

Question 32

the structure of glucose

Answer 32

hawthorne structure

Question 33

the structure of fructose and ribose

Answer 33

common furanoses

Question 34

sorbitol structure

Answer 34

sugar alcohol

Question 35

proteins that bind carbohydrates specifically

Answer 35

lectins

Question 36

part of innate immune system

Answer 36

lectins

Question 37

binding lectin targets microbes

Answer 37

mannose

Question 38

polysaccharides binding in plants

Answer 38

phytohemagglutinins

Question 39

used by bacteria/viruses for cellular attachment

Answer 39

phytohemagglutinins

Question 40

inhibits neuraminidase necessary for exit of flu virus

Answer 40

tamiflu

Question 41

is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to a target macromolecule, typically proteins and lipids

Answer 41

glycosylation

Question 42

polyanionic polymers of modified sugars

Answer 42

glycosaminoglycans

Question 43

peptides/proteins linked to polyanionic polymers of modified sugars

Answer 43

peptidoglycans

Question 44

proteins linked to oligosaccharides

Answer 44

glycoproteins

Question 45

joined to asparagine in protein - ER and Golgi apparatus

Answer 45

N-linked