Stigma

Question 1

Definition of stigma?

Answer 1

Mark of disgrace associated w a particular circumstance, quality or person

Negative attitudes or discrimination towards an indiv based on distinguished characteristics ( culture, race, age and gender)

Question 2

What is the process of stigma - Link & Phelan?

Answer 2

Stigma = natural process

Question 3

When does stigma occur?

Answer 3

In situation in which power = excercised

Question 4

What are the 4 processes involved in stigma

Answer 4

1. Labelling difference to categorising
2. Sterotyping
3. Seperation of “them” and “us:
4. Status loss and Discrimination

Question 5

Who may stigma impact?

Answer 5

• May impact across several levels of society
  e.g - The individual
  - Their family & friends
  - Organisations

Question 6

What have the Mental Health Foundation (2014) found?

Answer 6

Individuals diagnosed w a mental ilnness say stigma impacts negatively in almost all areas of their lives
- Employment
- Accommadation
- Relationships
- Self esteem
- Insuarance

Question 7

Impact of stigma on self esteem?

Answer 7

Stigma related to self esteem including feelings of lovability & how capable an individual deels and how influential or important an indiviudal feels (LYSAKER ET AL, 2008)

Question 8

Internalised stigma = ?

Answer 8

when individuals begin to believe the stigmatising views which = common in society

Question 9

Which groups experience stigma?

Answer 9

Any characteristic, visible or not which = marks a person as different from others around them can end up being a stigmatised characteristic

Question 10

What leads a society to choose what to stigmatise?

Answer 10

Political, historical or religious contects e.g skin colour but not eye colour, mental health more than physical health, homosexual but not hetrosexual

Attiudes learnt very young ( social experiment Jane Elliot ‘blue eyes’)

Question 11

Impact of stigma on physical health and morality? - Yung et al

Answer 11

• In HONK KONG - ppl w schiz die 8-9 years earlier than those in the gen pop (Yung et al )

Question 12

Impact of stigma on physical health and morality? - Colton & Mandersheif, 2006

Answer 12

• America - ppl w severe mental illnessess dei between 14 - 32 years earlier than general pop

Question 13

How do we address stigma?

Answer 13

• Protest
• Education
• Contact

Question 14

What is protest in terms of addressing stigma?

Answer 14

Seeks to supress stigmatising attitudes

Question 15

What is education in terms of addressing stigma?

Answer 15

Replaces myths about mental illness

Question 16

What is contact in terms of addressing stigma?

Answer 16

Challenges attitudes about mental illness through direct interactions w ppl who have experienced living w mental illness

Question 17

Is protesing is always good?

Answer 17

it may have +ve outcomes but not always straight forward

Question 18

What was Corrigan et al’s (2001) Aim?

Answer 18

To compare contact, education & protest and no intervention in improving stigma

Question 19

Who were Corrigan et al’s (2001) ppts?

Answer 19

152 Community college students

Question 20

What was Corrigan et al’s (2001) Results?

Answer 20

Contact intervention = most successful
Education = some success
Protest = no improvemnet in attitudes

Question 21

Why did Corrigan et al get his results (psychological response)

Answer 21

People = less likely to comply w a request if they perceive it as limiting their freedom or choices

Question 22

Why did Corrigan et al get his results (Rebound Effect)

Answer 22

Where ppl ordered to supress -ve sterotypes become more sensitised to them: the more one try to not think ab something the more you end up thinking ab it)

Question 23

What was Allport (1954) theory of inter group contact?

Answer 23

• He said interaction between diff groups = reduces conflict, prejudiec & discrimination between groups

Question 24

What did Deutsch & Collins (1951) find?

Answer 24

Desegregation in the USA - white indivs who were living in desecrated public housing schemes reported lower levels of stigma towards their black neighbours

Question 25

What did Pettigre (1998) find?

Answer 25

Optimal conditions for contact interventions are when there = equality, common foals, co-operation not COMPETITION & approval of authority

Question 26

Ahuja et al (2017) research was evidence for what?

Answer 26

Contact

Question 27

What was Ahujas’ aim?

Answer 27

To improve attitudes towrads those w mental illnesses among college students

Question 28

Who were Ahuja’s ppts?

Answer 28

50 young peopl eattending college

Question 29

What was Ahuja’s Method?

Answer 29

A 2 hour intervention consisting of education and contact combined as both stratgies = proven to be successful for improving attitudes

Measures of syigma = collected before & immediately after the inertvention as well as a week later

Question 30

What were Ahuja’s results?

Answer 30

Attitudes improved significantly after the intervention & remained improved at the one week follow up