Group level health psych interbentions

Question 1

What is pain?

Answer 1

Sign that something = wrong or damaged
- never purely biological / physical - how we interp pain is how we feel ab it - emotions. what we think it means - cognitions and what we do ab it - beh

Question 2

Our feelings, cognitions and responnses to pain can be affected by many factores:

Answer 2

Emotional state - -ve mood etc
Schemas and our beliefs ab pain and how we should cope
Worry ab intensity of pain - duration of it, origin and consequences of pain

Question 3

Early conceptualisations of pain =

Answer 3

viewed from biomed perspectiv
= by tissue damage so severity = associated w extent of tissue damage

    BUT 

Ppl w similar damge = exp diff pain levels - not always related to damaged tissue e.g chronic ack pain

Question 4

When a warning system = ma;adaptice =

Answer 4

Pain = beneficial = warn us of danger - sometimes pain sesation = continue in ansence of physical damage

Question 5

Types of pain

Answer 5

Acute - necessary to protect us from damage or infec - subside

Chronic (persistent) - last 3 months+ original injury = healed
painkillers etc treatments for acute = not helpful
psych conseq = anx, dep etc

Question 6

Biopsychosocial model of pain

Answer 6

CHRONIC PAIN LEAD TO:
- Psych factors - anx, dep, stress, learned helplessness
- Physiological fact - injury, disease, gen health
- Social fact - responses of others, support, dependence
- Env factors - SES, work/home env, healthcare services

Question 7

FEAR AVOIDANCE MODEL (FAM) - Pain exp = lead to two things

Answer 7

1. NO pain rel fear - confrontation - Recovery
2. Pain catastrophising - pain rel fear - activity avoidance - dep/ reduced func

Question 8

FAM in chronic pain - Combez et al - model identifies risk fac for chronic pain

Answer 8

• avoidant coping strat
• fear of movement
• catastrophising
• expec high pain lvls
• low percep of control over pain

Question 9

Why = group intervs needed? -generally they = no more or less effective than indiv lvl interv - stead et al

Answer 9

Systematic reviw or smoking cessation found group interv no more effective than intensive indiv interv lvl BUT
1. allows ppts to feel for additional social support - ppl going thru similar

2. cost effective for nhs

Question 10

Social supp:

Answer 10

learning from others
trust & understanding
self disclosures
r/s w group members

Question 11

group related Beh change techq

Answer 11

Social Support

Social COmp

Verbal persuasion ab capability

Social reward

Demonstration of the beh

Question 12

Pain MAnagment Programmes (PMPs)

Answer 12

= intensive inerv for patients w chronic pain
- involve multidisciplinary teams = made up of psychologists, physio, doctors, pharmacists

= group based often

theory based (cbt) = FAM = cbt model

Question 13

Goals of PMP

Answer 13

improve function
improve quaal of life
reduce pain?

Question 14

nhs PMP run over hoe long?

Answer 14

6 - 8 weeeks

Question 15

Initial assesment - pmp nhs

Answer 15

info ab patients pain & comorbidity
r they suited for a PMP

Question 16

Group session of PMP = full day ( or 2 half days) per weel

Answer 16

= meet diff member of the team = pain consultant, psychologist, physiotherap, nurse

= mix of educ sessions and tasks

= gym sess w physio

hwk = putting goals into practice

indiv session for issues e.g depressiom

Question 17

EG of PMP

Answer 17

• why pain = still being percieved
• accpetance of pain
• pacing
• setbacks = managed
• set goals
• activity
• moods / sleep = managed
• relax and mindfulness

Question 18

exp of why pain = may still being percieved

Answer 18

1. Underlaying bio mech of pain
2. Exp to patient there = no physical cause for their pain i.e med treatment = ineffectivve
3. Help to understand the psychsocial exp for their pain and what else may be impacting their perception of pain