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Biology 30 > Fertilization > Flashcards

Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds oocyte

A

Follicular cells

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2
Q

What do the follicular cells secrete?

A

Oestrogen

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3
Q

What does ovulation directly stimulated by?

A

LH

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4
Q

What does the corpus luteum secret?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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5
Q

What is the proper name for the eggs so when it is ovulated?

A

Secondary oocyte

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6
Q

What is the most important function function of oestrogen and progesterone?

A

To prepare the uterine wall, called endometrium for pregnancy

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7
Q

What is corpus albicans

A

This is when the corpus luteum disintegrates, and becomes a tiny scar

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8
Q

What does the corpus luteum need to survive?

A

LH

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9
Q

What does oestrogen stimulate specifically?

A

The LH surge promoting the growth of the uterine lining

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10
Q

What does progesterone stimulate specifically?

A

It keeps pregnancy

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11
Q

What does hCG do?

A

Prevents corpus luteum from breaking down and is secreted in urine when pregnant

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12
Q

What are the follicular cells around the egg called at ovulation

A

Corona radiata

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13
Q

What does the corona radiata do?

A

Forms barrier between egg and sperm, because we only want one to fertilize

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14
Q

What are the three layers of a secondary oocyte

A

Egg plasma membrane
Vitaline layer
Zona, pellucida gel

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15
Q

What is the fast block when the sperm meets the egg?

A

The sperm cell an egg cell fuse

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16
Q

What is the slow block when the sperm meets the egg?

A

Cortical granules are released from egg to enter space to block

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17
Q

How many chromosomes do you want in a zygot

A

46

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18
Q

What is the fertilized egg called from the weeks 0 to 8?

A

An embryo

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19
Q

What is the fertilized egg called after eight weeks

A

Foetus

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20
Q

After fertilization takes place, the zygote divides by mitosis but does not gain overall size. This is called:

A

Cleavage

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21
Q

Name of embryonic structure that has 3 germ layers

A

Gastrula

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22
Q

Name of embryonic structure that implants into endometrium

A

Blastocyst

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23
Q

Name of embryonic structure that implants into endometrium

A

Blastocyst

24
Q

What is the proper name for a 8-celles embryonic structure

A

Morula

25
Q

What hormone is secreated by blastocyst

A

HCG

26
Q

What are the three functions of amniotic sac

A
  1. Protection
  2. Keep from dehydration
  3. Maintain body temp
27
Q

What produces red blood cells for embryo

A

Yolk sac

28
Q

Name three germ layers

A

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

29
Q

Wich germ layer develops into the nervous system

A

Ectoderm

30
Q

What does ectoderm layer affect

A

Skin, hair, mouth, sweat glands, nervous system, brain, eyes

31
Q

Mesoderm structures

A

Muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, heart, gonads

32
Q

Endoderm structures

A

Organs, lining of digestive tract, respiratory

33
Q

What is the hat of the sperm called

A

Acrosome

34
Q

If HCG is high, how are the other hormones affected

A

Progesterone and oestrogen secretions are also high

35
Q

What is chorionic villi?

A

Fingerlike projections that bind with endometrium wall

36
Q

What will the amnion form into?

A

The fluid filled sac, call amniotic sac

37
Q

What is the allantois responsible for?

A

Blood vessel development in the umbilical cord

38
Q

What is the blastocyte is developed and attached to the uterine wall what is the next stage of development called?

A

Gastrulation

39
Q

What does gastrulation form?

A

Gastrula

40
Q

What embryonic structure has the germ layers?

A

The gastrula

41
Q

What happens during the second trimester?

A

Brain grows heartbeat, a strong nervous system begins

42
Q

What happens in the third trimester?

A

Foetus doubles in size brain development

43
Q

What is the process called that produces haploid cells in humans?

A

Meiosis

44
Q

What do the Corian cells become?

A

Placenta

45
Q

What gland produces oxytocin

A

Hypothalamus

46
Q

What gland releases oxytocin

A

Posterior pituitary

47
Q

What causes uterine contractions

A

Oxytocin

48
Q

What does 1st trimester do

A

All body organ are formed, genitalia is complete

49
Q

What gland secretes HCG

A

Chorionic cells of placenta

50
Q

What is the target of HCG

A

Corpus luteum so it keeps secreating estrogen and progesterone

51
Q

What glandular cell secretes testosterone

A

Interstitial cells in testes

52
Q

What does chlamydia do

A

Build up of scar tissue in ovieduct

53
Q

What does FSH and LH do for males

A

FSH: stimulâtes production of sperm in Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules
LH: promotes testosterone production by interstitial cells

54
Q

What helps form umbilical cord

A

Allantois

55
Q

What stimulates secreation of milk and formation of milk

A

Secreation: oxytocin
Formation: Prolactin

56
Q

How does birth control pills work

A

Artificial hormones mimics progesterone and stops release of FSH and LH so no ovulation

Biology 30 (11 decks)

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