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Freshwater Ecology > Chapter 3 | Basics of Freshwater Ecosystem and Physiography of Flowing Water > Flashcards

Chapter 3 | Basics of Freshwater Ecosystem and Physiography of Flowing Water Flashcards

1
Q

the organisms (biotic) and the non-living (abiotic)
environment they inhabit.

A

freshwater or aquatic ecosystem

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2
Q

is defined by the drainage or
catchment basin in which it exists.

A

freshwater ecosystem—whether it be a pond,
lake, stream, or river

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3
Q

USEPA

A

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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4
Q

a geographic area in which water,
sediments, and dissolved materials drain into a common
outlet

A

drainage basin

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5
Q

How can a drainage basin be identified?

A

by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two areas on a map, often a ridge

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6
Q

it causes streams on either side to
flow in different directions.

A

topographic dividing line or ridge

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7
Q

defines the physical transport of
water, sediment, and dissolved minerals into the common outlet,

A

drainage basin

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8
Q

a term that defines a complex system of components that affect water bodies in a given drainage basin

A

watershed

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9
Q

What is the dividing line between two drainage basins?

A

the Highest point of land between them

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10
Q

It slows the flow of water over land

A

Natural areas like forests and vegetation

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11
Q

It filters some impurities and decreased erosion

A

Forests and vegetation

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12
Q

Two general categories of freshwater ecosystem

A

Lotic and Lentic

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13
Q

Running water

A

Lotic

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14
Q

Standing water

A

Lentic

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15
Q

Has a one direction of Flow, upstream or downstream

A

Lotic

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16
Q

Has various flow, no particular direction

A

Lentic

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17
Q

Has rich in oxygen

A

Lotic

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18
Q

Oxygen depletion exists at times in deeper water

A

Lentic

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19
Q

Streams that have no tributaries flowing into them

A

First-order stream or headwater streams

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20
Q

A first-order stream joined by another first-order stream

A

Second-order stream

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21
Q

They are primarily characterized by flow

A

Streams and rivers

22
Q

3 main types of streams

A

Perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral

23
Q

Streams and rivers that flow year-round

A

Perennial

24
Q

Streams and rivers that become dry for a period of a week or longer each year

A

Intermittent

25
Q

Intermittent streams that regularly exist for only a short period of time are classified as ___________

A

Ephemeral streams

26
Q

An important factor that allows some streams to maintain flow during dry weather

A

Water table

27
Q

A subsurface zone

A

Aquifers

28
Q

What does aquifers store?

A

Groundwater

29
Q

The upper area near the surface of the aquifer

A

Water table

30
Q

When the water table is at or very close to the surface of the earth

A

Gaining stream

31
Q

When the water table falls below the stream channel

A

Losing stream

32
Q

2 Lotic habitats

A
  1. Lotic erosional
  2. Lotic depositional
33
Q

Characterized by fast-running water

A

Lotic erosional

34
Q

Characterized by areas of slow-moving water

A

Lotic depositional

35
Q

This is the bend created when changing terrain alters the course of a river or stream

A

Meanders

36
Q

it moves over time through the process of erosion and deposition

A

Meanders

37
Q

Characteristic of the flow of the lotic erosional:

fast-moving , turbulent water

A

Riffle

38
Q

Characteristic of the flow of the lotic erosional:

fast-moving, non-turbulent water

A

Run

39
Q

Characteristic of the flow of the lotic erosional:

slow-moving water

A

Glide

40
Q

Relatively deep and wide with slow moving water compared to riffles, runs, or glide

A

Lotic depositional

41
Q

is the outer bank where flow velocities and bank erosion are high

A

Erosional zone

42
Q

are intermediate habitat types that fall between riffles and pools

A

Glides and runs

43
Q

referred to as laminar,
similar to that in a shallow canal

A

Glide

44
Q

important habitats for many aquatic insects and small fish that require flowing water for feeding and high oxygen levels

A

Riffle areas

45
Q

refers to the inner bank of a stream where velocity is at a minimum

A

Depositional zone

46
Q

relatively deep and wide with slow-moving water compared to riffle, run, or glide areas

A

Pool

47
Q

currents that move in a direction other than downstream, usually in a circular motion

A

Eddies

48
Q

often contain large eddies

A

Pool

49
Q

a vegetated buffet between nearby lands and a stream or river

A

Riparian Zone

50
Q

include pools, riffles, root mats, aquatic plants, undercut banks, submerged rocks and logs, overchanging vegetation, and leaf litter.

A

In-stream habitats

51
Q

Low diversity of aquatic life is often caused by poor?

A

Poor quality of in-stream habitats rather than poor water quality

Freshwater Ecology (10 decks)

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