Laban’s Taxonomy

Question 1

What is the Labans Taxonomy movement framework broken down into?

Answer 1

1. Body
2. Shape
3. Effort
4. Relationship

Question 2

Body - what the body does?

Answer 2

• Actions of the body: Moving by bending (contraction), stretching (extension), twisting (rotation)
• Action of body parts: variety of body parts that can be used - ex: hands, feet
• Activities of the body
• Shapes of the body
• Symmetry/asymmetry
• Continuity

Question 3

Space - where the body moves?

Answer 3

• Areas
• Directions
• Levels
• Pathways
• Extensions
• Planes

Question 4

Effort - How the body moves?

Answer 4

• Time
• Weight
• Space
• Flow

Question 5

Relationship - with whom or what the body is relating as it moves

Answer 5

• Body parts to each other
• Individuals and groups (games and gymnastics)
• Other types (games, gymnastics and dance)
• Apparatus

Question 6

Activity-based programs

Answer 6

Often focus on games, sports, and fitness activities, but fail to teach critical movement skills that are inherent in Laban’s movement framework

Question 7

Fundamental skills

Answer 7

Often insufficiently established before students apply them

Question 8

Guiding philosophy / core ideology

Answer 8

Is an essential ingredient that has helped many companies go from good to elite status

Question 9

Benefits of core ideology

Answer 9

With a core ideology, great organizations attain more consistent alignment among such aspects as objectives, strategies, and organization design

Question 10

What is necessary for physical educators / physical education program?

Answer 10

Must be guided by a stable philosophy. They must focus equally on what to do and on what not to do

Question 11

Collins and porras defining core ideology?

Answer 11

They define core ideology as a guiding philosophy that consists of core values and a purpose

Question 12

What is a core ideology?

Answer 12

Serves as a source of guidance and inspiration and is the glue that holds a program together

Question 13

What is purpose?

Answer 13

Purpose is defined as a fundamental reason for existence that is infinitely pursued

Question 14

How should a core ideology be followed?

Answer 14

A core ideology should be followed by curricular, unit, and lesson planning with realistic psychomotor, cognitive, and affective goals in order to meet your programs purpose

Question 15

How did Rink define goals?

Answer 15

Rink defined goals as broad program aims, while objectives are more specific outcomes

Question 16

What guides students toward meeting the national standards?

Answer 16

The cumulative effect of a well-delivered curriculum that has an alignment on beliefs, a guiding purpose, specific curricular goals, and corresponding unit and lesson objectives

Question 17

What did Dewey say about the importance of having a purpose in education?

Answer 17

Dewey warned against overemphasizing activity and stressed the importance of relying on intelligent activity when designing educational goals

Question 18

competency through balanced participation in three/four main content areas:

Answer 18

1. games
2. gymnastics
3. dance
4. (physical fitness) blended into the first three

Question 19

How does the movement framework’s aspects help students?

Answer 19

Helps students see the totality of human movement. They can be used consistently and effectively in the three content areas: gymnastics, games, dance

Question 20

How does revisiting all four movement concepts help students and teachers?

Answer 20

Helps students build and organize their movement skills and understanding. Helps teachers to avoid instructional gaps

Question 21

What are the 4 examples of core values for a core ideology?

Answer 21

1. Use Laban’s movement framework as the basis for curriculum content in games, gymnastics, dance
2. Blend health-enhancing physical activity and physical fitness concepts into all lessons
3. Provide exemplary instruction and assessment in order to make learning meaningful, challenging, enjoyable, and enduring
4. Create and maintain a learning environment that encourages students to be the best they can be, through hard work and continuous self improvement

Question 22

What is the purpose of core values for core ideology?

Answer 22

To create versatile, effective, and efficient movers

Question 23

What’s skills are focused on in the body aspect?

Answer 23

Students become skillful in:
1. locomotor
2. Non-locomotor
3. Manipulative skills

Question 24

What are locomotor skills?

Answer 24

Running, sliding, jumping

Question 25

What are nonlocomotor skills?

Answer 25

Rotation, twisting, striking a bat

Question 26

What are manipulative skills essential for?

Answer 26

Essential to game-play proficiency

Question 27

What are the three categories of manipulative skills?

Answer 27

1. Sending an object away (stringing, kicking)
2. Gaining possession of or receiving an object (catching)
3. Travelling with an object (carrying, dribbling)

Question 28

What are the 4 levels of the movement framework rubric for body, space, effort, relationship?

Answer 28

Level 4 = masterful
Level 3 = competent
Level 2 = able
Level 1 = emerging

Question 29

What are the two ways of human movement ?

Answer 29

1. Inwardly - reveal countless points or stillnesses
2. Outwardly - revealing an infinity of potential movements, which Laban speaks of as the endless “reservoir of movement”

Question 30

Outer vs inner

Answer 30

Outer - relates to the movement produced by the head, torso, and limbs, (personal space taken up by the mover)

Inner - relates to stresses and intensities linked to psychological and emotional drives

Question 31

What does “Transference” mean

Answer 31

Outer actions affect inner actions and vice versa

Question 32

What is the kinesphere?

Answer 32

Laban described this object as the “sphere around the body whose periphery can be reached by easily extended limbs from that place which is our point of support or stance

Question 33

Kinespheric actions

Answer 33

• Produced as outer movements
• Quantifiable or countable

Question 34

Dynamosphere

Answer 34

Inner domain, containing the dynamic stresses of an action, theory of efforts

Question 35

Shadow forms

Answer 35

Action moods, actions that are expression of inner drives (emotions, psychological forces) and which are closely linked to the eight effort-actions described above

Question 36

Trace forms

Answer 36

Metrical rhythm, outer moves or extensive bodily actions are committed by body parts that impose these very same quantitative measure relations on kinespheric movement. Ex. Half step, double step

Question 37

Trace forms vs shadow forms

Answer 37

Unlike trace forms, shadow forms create relations that are not extensive, but intensive

Question 38

Inner stresses are expressed as shadow forms, peak and decline, what is key to understand about inner forms?

Answer 38

The quality of movement it produces is important, that is, whether the movement is strong, light, bound, or free flowing