AKI

Question 1

criteria for diagnosing AKI

Answer 1

rise in creatinine of >26.5micromol/L in 48hr
rise in creatinine of >= 1.5 times baseline in 7 days
urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6 hrs

Question 2

intrarenal causes of AKI

Answer 2

glomerulonephritis
vasculitis
radiocontrast
lupus
myeloma
drugs
rhabdomyolysis
interstitial nephritis
acute tubular necrosis

Question 3

prerenal causes of AKI

Answer 3

Dehydration
Hypotension (shock)
Heart failure
sepsis
vomiting and diarrhoea

Question 4

postrenal causes of AKI

Answer 4

Kidney stones
Masses such as cancer in the abdomen or pelvis
Ureter or uretral strictures
Enlarged prostate or prostate cancer

Question 5

investigations

Answer 5

urinalysis- leucocytes and nitrites, protein and blood, glucose
US if obstruction

Question 6

management

Answer 6

IV fluids
optimise BP and volume status
sick day rules
stop NSAIDs, ARBs, ACEis, Diuretics, metformin
relieve obstruction
daily U+Es
dialysis if severe

Question 7

complications

Answer 7

metabolic acidosis
uraemia
fluid overload
hyperkalaemia

Question 8

RFs

Answer 8

Chronic kidney disease
Heart failure
Diabetes
Liver disease
Older age (above 65 years)
Cognitive impairment
Nephrotoxic medications such as NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors
Use of a contrast medium such as during CT scans

Question 9

indications for dialysis in AKI

Answer 9

A acidosis
E electrolyte imbalance
I intoxication
O overload
U uraemic complications