nephrotoxic drugs

Question 1

acute tubular necrosis caused by

Answer 1

aminoglycosides mostly
statins
cyclosporin
cisplatin
colistimethate

Question 2

interstitial nephritis caused by

Answer 2

Antibiotics (penicillin)
Antivirals (acyclovir)
Analgesics (NSAIDs)
Gastrointestinal drugs like proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole) and H-2 receptor antagonists
Diuretics
Chemotherapy drugs
Other drugs like allopurinol or herbal products.

Question 3

glomerulonephritis caused by

Answer 3

cyclosporin
oestrogen containing oral
contraceptives
tracrolimus
chemotherapeutic agents
biotherapeutics

Question 4

post renal issues caused by

Answer 4

methotrexate
acyclovir
sulfonamides
vit C

Question 5

nephrotic syndrome caused by

Answer 5

NSAIDs
interferon
captopril
gold
penicillamine
reduced drug binding

Question 6

steady state

Answer 6

peaks and troughs. achieved after 4-5 half lives

Question 7

low clearance =

Answer 7

high exposure. overexposure, adverse effects

Question 8

drugs are excreted by kidneys. renal clearance due to

Answer 8

glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
reabsorption