Topic 13: Respiratory System - Pulmonary Ventilation - Volumes

Question 1

What is respiratory volume measured using?

Answer 1

spirometer

Question 2

1 respiration is equal to how many inspirations and expirations?

Answer 2

1 inspiration and 1 expiration

Question 3

What is tidal volume (TV)? (2)

Answer 3

inspired or expired air during quiet respiration
- around 500 mL

Question 4

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)? (2)

Answer 4

• excess air over tidal volume taken in a max inspiration
• around 300 mL

Question 5

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? (2)

Answer 5

• excess air over TV pushed out on max expiration
• around 1200 mL

Question 6

What is residual volume (RV)? (2)

Answer 6

• volume of air in lungs after max expiration
• around 1200 mL

Question 7

What is minute respiratory volume?

Answer 7

• tidal volume x respiratory rate
  ex. 500mL x 12 breaths/min = 6L/min on avg

Question 8

What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)?

Answer 8

• volume expired in 1 second with max effort, following maximum inspiration

Question 9

What are the 3 respiratory capacities?

Answer 9

1) Inspiratory capacity
2) Vital Capacity (VC)
3) Total Lung Capacity

Question 10

What is respiratory capacity?

Answer 10

• 2 or more volumes
  know that it is a calculation as opposed to volumes

Question 11

What is inspiratory capacity (IC)?

Answer 11

TV + IRV

Question 12

What is vital capacity (VC)? (2)

Answer 12

TV + IRV + ERV
- largest volume in/out of lungs

Question 13

What is total lung capacity? (2)

Answer 13

• max amount of air lungs can hold
• TV + IRV + ERV + RV (= VC + RV)

Question 14

How is FEV1 measured? (2)

Answer 14

• measured while measuring vital capacity and is expressed as %VC (allows correction for body size)
• usually FEV1 = 80% VC

Question 15

Measurement of FEV1 allows diagnoses for what disorders?

Answer 15

obstructive or restrictive disorder

Question 16

What is an obstructive disorder? (3)

Answer 16

• hard to expire due to increased resistance
• increase RV, decreased VC, FEV1 less than 80% VC
  ex. emphysema, asthma, CF

Question 17

What are restrictive disorders? (4)

Answer 17

• restrict lung expansion
• hard to inspire
• decrease IC, decrease VC, FEV1 decreases but = 80% VC
  ex. scoliosis, pneumothorax