Alcohols

Question 1

functional group alc

Answer 1

-OH

Question 2

first 4 homogolous series

Answer 2

methanol, CH3OH
ethanol, C2H5OH
propanol, C3H7OH
butanol, C4H9OH

Question 3

alc general formula

Answer 3

Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 4

properties alc

Answer 4

flammable (completely combust in air)\
soluble (dissolve to form neutral solution)
oxidised to form carboxylic acids (-COOH)

Question 5

alc combustion eq

Answer 5

alcohol + O2 —-> CO2 + H2O

Question 6

alc uses

Answer 6

fuels ( release lots of energy during combustion)
solvents in industry (dissolve things water can’t: hydrocarbons and lipid compounds)

Question 7

uses of ethanol

Answer 7

chemical feedstock to produce other organic compounds
burned to be used as a biofuel
in alcoholic drinks (beer, wine, spirits)

Question 8

ethanol steam reaction

Answer 8

C2H4 + H2O -> C2 H5 OH
addition reaction

Question 9

conditions for addition react

Answer 9

high temp (300C)
high pressure ( 60-70 atm)
phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 10

avtgs additon reaction

Answer 10

ethene is cheap
reaction is cheap and efficient

Question 11

disadvantages addition reaction

Answer 11

ethene is made from crude oil, non renewable
will be expensive when it starts running out

Question 12

fermentation

Answer 12

anaerobic respiration of glucose by yeast cells to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 13

fermentation reaction

Answer 13

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
C6 H12 O6 –> 2C2 H5 OH + 2CO2

Question 14

conditions fermentation reaction

Answer 14

carried out in fermentation tanks
requires yeast cells
temp of 30-40C (optimum for enzymes)
must be anaerobic conditions so that ethanol isnt oxidised to ethanoic acid

Question 15

advantages f r

Answer 15

glucose is renewable so wont run out

Question 16

disads f r

Answer 16

process can be relatively slow
ethanol produced isnt pure and has to be distilled by fractional distillation