plant structures Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide+water=glucose+oxygen

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2
Q

what is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.

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3
Q

how does light affect rate of photosynthesis

A

as the light level increases, rate of photosynthesis also increases. after a certain point , rate of photosynthesis doesnt increase as CO2 or the temperature is a limiting factor

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4
Q

how does CO2 have an affect on the rate of photosynthesis

A

as CO2 increases, rate of photosynthesis also increses. after a certian point, rate of photosynthesis doesnt increase as light level or the temperature is a limiting factor

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5
Q

how does temperature have an affect on the rate of photosynthesis

A

increasing temp will increase rate of photosynthesis upto a certain point. after that, enzymes will become denatured

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6
Q

what are some adaptations of root hairs

A

they have root hair cell which will increase the surface area so it can absorb more water and mineral ions

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7
Q

what are phloem tubes

A

-tubes made of living cells
-does translocation
-it has end walls

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8
Q

what do phloem tubes mainly transport

A

sucrose

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9
Q

what are xylem tubes

A

-made of dead cells
-does transpiration
-it has no end walls

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10
Q

what doe xylem tubes mainly transport

A

water and mineral ions

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11
Q

what is the process of transpiration

A

-this is the loss of water from the plant
-the plant loses a small amount of water so more water will then be absorbed
-this water will be absorbed in the roots and will be transported throughout the plant via xylem tubes

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12
Q

what is stomata and why is it used

A

these are tiny pores on the surface of a plant. they allow CO2 to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out of the plant

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13
Q

how does the stomata open

A

guard cells become swollen with water (turgid) which will open the stomata

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14
Q

how does the stomata close

A

water in the guard cells will evaporate which means that the guard cells become flaccid.

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15
Q

what is the palisade layer in leaves

A

this layer has lots of chloroplasts. they are near the top of the leaf so they can get the most light

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16
Q

what is the upper epidermis in the leaves

A

this is a transparent layer above the palisade layer so the light can pass through it and get absorbed in the palisade layer

17
Q

what is a waxy cuticle in the leaves

A

it is a layer at the surface of the leaf and it helps to reduce water loss

18
Q

what is the spongy mesophyll in the leaves

A

this contains lots of airspaces which will increase the rate of diffusion of gases

19
Q

what is the lower epidermis in the leaves

A

this is found at the bottom of the leaf and it contains lots of stomata

20
Q

how are plants in the desert adapted

A

-thick waxy cuticles: to reduce water loss by evaporation
-small leaves or spines: reduces surface area for water loss
-fewer stomatas: reduces water loss

21
Q

what are auxins

A

they are plant growth hormones and they control growth at the shoots and roots

22
Q

how are shoots positively phototrophic

A

auxins build up in the side which is shade from the son. this makes the cells on the shaded side grow faster so the shoot will then grow towards the light

23
Q

how are shoots negatively gravitrophic

A

auxins build up on the lower side of shoot due to gravity. this makes the lower side grow faster, making it grow upwards

24
Q

how are roots positively gravitrophic

A

auxins build up in the lower side of the root. but in the roots, more auxins means less growth. so, the top side of the roots grow faster making it grow downwards

25
Q

how are roots negatively phototrophic

A

auxins build up on the shaded side of the root. in the roots, more auxins mean less growth. this means the upper half will grow faster making it grow downwards

26
Q

how do you use plant hormones to produce seedless fruit?

A

applying gibberellins to unpollinated flowers means that the fruits will grow without seeds

27
Q

how can plant hormones be used to control seed germination

A

seeds dont germinate unless they have been through certain conditions. but if they are treated with gibberellins, they can germinate in conditions they normally dont

28
Q

how can plant hormones be used to control the ripening of fruit

A

if you add ethene to the fruit, it will ripen on the way to the market

29
Q

how are plant hormones used to grow plants from cuttings?

A

if you add rooting powder, which contains auxins, it will grow rapidly.

30
Q

how are plant hormones used as selective weedkillers

A

weeds are broadleaved. selective weedkillers have auxins which only affect broad leaved plants

31
Q

how are plant hormones used to control flower and fruit formation

A

gibberellins stimulate seed germination. they can be used to make plants flower earlier or in conditions they dont usually flower