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LEC 6-11 Quiz #2 > LEC 7 LIPIDS AND PROTEINS > Flashcards

LEC 7 LIPIDS AND PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats and oils containing only&raquo_space; Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen

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2
Q

Why are lipids more hydrophobic than carbohydrates?

A

Lipids have less oxygen than < carbohydrates

-More hydrophobic than CHO
-More lipid soluble < dissolve in oil

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3
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A
  • Stores energy
  • Helps w/ movement of particles
  • Absorb vitamins
  • Make hormones
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4
Q

Name the 4 types of lipids?

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Triglycerides
  3. Phospholipids
  4. Steroids
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5
Q

What are Fatty acids?

A

The monomers of lipids (simple component)

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6
Q

A fatty acid consist of a ________ functional group attached to a _____

A

_Carboxylic Acid
_Hydrocarbon chain

NOTE:
Hydrocarbon chain may be ‘VERY LONG’ and include ‘DOUBLE BONDS’

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7
Q

Name the three (3) classes of fatty acids

A
  1. Saturated
  2. Monunsaturated
  3. Polyunsaturated
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8
Q

Define Saturated Fatty Acids?

A

No double bonds - Mostly in animal fats

Note:
Each carbon is ‘saturated’ with hydrogen atoms.

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9
Q

Give an example of saturated fatty acid

A

Palmitic acid (C16 H32 O2)

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10
Q

Define Monounsaturated fatty acids?

A

Has ONE DOUBLE BONDS between carbon
(found in plant oil)

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11
Q

Give an example of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A

Oleic acid (C18 H34 O2)

(found in olive oil)

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12
Q

Define Polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

Has TWO(2) or more DOUBLE BONDS between carbon

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13
Q

What’s an example of Polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

Linoleic acid (C18 H32 O2)

(Found in seeds)

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14
Q

What are Triglycerides fatty acids?

A

Stored fatty acid (unused fat stored)

formed by linking three with glycerol (3 carbon sugar)

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15
Q
  1. How is fatty acids attach to glycerol to form triglycerides?
  2. How many molecules of water is formed from each triglycerides?
A
  1. Dehydration synthesis reaction
  2. Three (3) molecules of water is formed from each
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16
Q

What are the functions of Triglycerides?

A

Stored in ‘fat cells’ for:
-Insulation
-Temperature
-Energy

17
Q

GOOD AND BAD FATTY ACIDS
(SOURCE/USE)

A
  • Omega3 fats >essential>polyunsaturated fatty acid>in flaxseed oil&fish>cardiovascular health
  • Saturated fats>increase risk of heart disease

-Trans fats>increase risk of heart disease

18
Q

What are Phospholipids?

A

Major component of cell membrane (75%)

19
Q

What is the structural formula of phospholipids?

A

Made of:
Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group attach to nitrogen-containing group

20
Q

Whaty are phospholipids considered to be “amphipathic”?

A

Hydrophilic - head
Hydrophobic - Tail

(Amphipathic = BOTH polar & nonpolar)

21
Q

What are steroids?

A

Form by containing 4 rings from cholesterol (which form bile and hormones)

22
Q

T/F
The 4 hydrocarbon rings of steriods are non-polar?

A

TRUE

(Hydrophobic - water hating)

23
Q

What are the functions of steriods?

A
  • Cell communication (through blood stream)
24
Q

Name examples of steriods?

A
  • Testosterone
  • Estrogen
  • Aldosterone
  • Cortisol
25
Q

What are proteins?

A

Large molecules made of amino acids

Note/Facts:
- Type of fatty acid
- 20% of body mass
- Multiple functions

26
Q

T/F
Proteins are made of 20 different amino acids?

A

TRUE

27
Q

What is the amino acid structure/properties of proteins?
(20 amino acids)

A

Each: Central carbon atom > amino group > carboxylic acid group

28
Q

Each amino acid has a unique what______?

A

R group

Note:
- R group varies based on complex properties
- R group determines amin acid properties

29
Q

Name examples of amino acids?

A

-Hydrogen
-Tryptophan (complicated)
-Cysteine

30
Q

What are Peptides and Peptides bonds?
(How they are formed)

A

Amino acid linked by dehydration snythesis
(peptide + peptide = peptide bond)

31
Q

What is the structure/properties of peptide bond?
(Operation of how the bond is formed)

Really not as complicated as it seems :)

A

Amino group + Carboxylic acid group - lose water molecule

Dehydration Synthesis: How bond is form
Amino group > lose one hydrogen (-H)
Carboxylic group > lose one hydroxyl (-OH)
(H2O -lost of water)

Alternative Explanation:
(-H & -OH = Lost of water molecule = Dehydration synthesis) = Formation of peptide bond
(C-N bond > end result) (carbon-Nitrogen)

32
Q

What is a depeptide?

A

Compose of two (2) amino acids
(Through hydrolysis > water molecule (H2O) is used to break down peptide bond = Dipeptide)

Result in the reverse of peptide bond. (+H & +OH = Add water)

Note:
Is held together by a peptide bond

33
Q

whats the difference between ‘Peptide bond’ and ‘Dipeptide’?

(Personal note - needed to understand)

A

Dehydration synthesis & Hydrolysis

Peptide bond = Dehydration snythesis>Lost of water molecule (-H -OH = -H2O) (C+N<end result)
Dipeptide = Hydrolysis>Add water molecule (+H +HO = H2O)

34
Q

What is a ‘tripeptide’ bond

A

Two peptide bonds

35
Q

what is a polypeptide?

A

Poly = Multiple/Many
Contains 10 or more amino acids

36
Q

What are ‘Fibrous protein’?

Where are the located?

A

Long strands

Found in: hair, nails, tendons & bone

37
Q

What are ‘Globular proteins’?

Where are they found?

A

Spherical shape

Found in:Enzymes, hormones & cell messengers

38
Q

What are the 4 levels of protein structure?

A
  1. Primary
  2. secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
39
Q

What is Protein Denaturation?

A

Protein lose shape > Due to heat, pH & chemicals

Note:
-When protien cant function we become sick
-Having a fever/high temp throws off protein function
-pH becomes off < Due to infection/illness

LEC 6-11 Quiz #2 (6 decks)

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