M1 - Intro Flashcards
Metabolism
-Converted to energy/ATP
-Stored for later use
Major dietary fuel sources
Fat, Carbohydrate, Protein
Major cellular fuel sources
Amino acids, Fatty acids, Glucose
FED
- After a meal
- High nutrient availability
- # Anabolic Pathways
- Generate Energy (ATP) directly from dietary fuels
- Store metabolic fuels
FASTING
- Several hours after a meal
- Low nutrient availability
- # Catabolic Pathways
- Generate new fuels by breaking down stored metabolic fuels
In fed state, cells use ___ from meal
-Glucose
* Use glucose for cellular energy: Glycolysis = TCA cycle
* Store glucose as glycogen: Glycogenesis
In fasting state, generate ____ for cells to use
-Glucose
* Release glucose from storage: Glycogenolysis
* Synthesize glucose from amino acids: Gluconeogenesis
-Proteolysis releases amino acids
-Amino acids are metabolized to pyruvate
-Gluconeogenesis converts pyruvate = glucose
Lipids (FA) in Fed State
-Cells predominantly use available glucose from meal
-In the LIVER: Extra glucose from the meal is converted into FAs: FA synthesis/de novo lipogenesis
-FAs are incorporated into TG: TG synthesis (to be stored)
Lipids (FA) in Fasting State
-Generate new fuels
-Release FA from TG: Lipolysis
-Cells use FA for cellular energy: FA beta-oxidation
-Liver uses FA to make ketones: Ketogenesis
-Some cells use ketones as fuel: Ketolysis
Only the ___ has the capacity to synthesize Ketone Bodies
Liver
Only ____ use Ketone Bodies for energy
Muscle and Brain
RBCs do not have nuclei or mitochondria so they are dependent on ____
Glucose
Glucose is a direct stimulus for ____ secretion
Insulin
- Insulin responds rapidly to changes in blood glucose levels
INSULIN
Utilization & Storage of Cellular Fuels
-Glycogenesis
-Glycolysis
-FA and TG synthesis
GLUCAGON
Generation & Release of Cellular Fuels
-Glycogenolysis
-Gluconeogenesis
-Lipolysis
-FA beta oxidation
-Ketogenesis and Ketolysis
