AP REVIEW: 1 & 2

Question 1

Pre-Columbian Era

Answer 1

The period before Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the “New World”

Question 2

Where did the Native Americans come from?

Answer 2

Asia, they walked across an ice sheet from Siberia to Alaska when the planet was significantly colder

Question 3

Population of Native Americans when Columbus arrived

Answer 3

1 - 5 million in modern Canada and United States
20 million in Mexico

Question 4

Tenochtitlan

Answer 4

More populous than any city in Europe, occupied by the Aztecs and the Maya

Question 5

Maize

Answer 5

aka Corn, its domestication began in Mexico and it was the staple crop of much of North America. Created the transition from hunter-gatherer to agriculture society

Question 6

Columbian Exchange

Answer 6

Europe sustained contact with the Americas and introduced a widespread exchange of many things

Question 7

Who colonized America first?

Answer 7

Spain (coonsquistadors)

Question 8

Spanish Armada

Answer 8

Spain’s navy, very strong, kept other countries from establishing colonies in the Americas

Question 9

Jamestown

Answer 9

• funded by the Virginia Company
• half dead in three months
• during winter, 90% of survivors perished, with some resorting to cannibalism
• eventually learned to grow tobacco, made lots of money

Question 10

Reasons for migrating to Chesapeake

Answer 10

• Overpopulation in England
• Indentured servitude (free passage and small property for seven years of labor)
• Mostly men who migrated

Question 11

Headright System

Answer 11

To attract new settlers to the region, it gave new settlers about 50 acres of land for farming

Question 12

House of Burgesses

Answer 12

Allowed any property holding, white male to vote. All decisions had to be approved by the Virgina Company

Question 13

Four main colonizing powers

Answer 13

• Spain
• France
• England
• Netherlands

Question 14

Mayflower Separatists

Answer 14

Puritan group called the pilgrims, their ship was originally headed for Virgins but landed in Massachusetts. They established a settlement called Plymouth

Question 15

Massachusetts Bay

Answer 15

Its establishment created The Great Puritan Migration, lead by John Winthrop

Question 16

Rhode Island

Answer 16

Established by Rodger Williams, who got kicked out of the Puritans, it allowed for the free exercise of religion

Question 17

Chesapeake vs. New England

Answer 17

New England - Large families, more religious, stronger sense of community, less slavery
Chesapeake - Single men, tobacco farms, lots of slavery

Question 18

King Philip’s War

Answer 18

Metacomet, leader of the Wampanoag tribe, did not like how white settlers were trying to convert Native Americans to Christianity:
- Led attacks on several settlements and destroyed them
- Eventually ran out of food and ammunition, Metacomet died
- Colonists devasted the tribes
Marks an end of a large Native American presence among New England colonists

Question 19

Why were Black people enslaved over Native Americans

Answer 19

Native Americans:
- knew the land, could easily escape
- many died due to disease
Blacks:
- did not know the land
- easier to identify
- most did not speak the same language, made it harder for insurrections to happen

Question 20

Where did most slaves go?

Answer 20

Caribbean and South America, there were still about half a million in New England

Question 21

Why did slavery flourish in the South?

Answer 21

Labor-intensive crops (rice, tobacco, indigo)

Question 22

Salutary Neglect (1650 - 1750)

Answer 22

Government interfered in colonial affairs as little as possible, American culture developed. Large degree of autonomy.
- Helped fuel revolutionary sentiments when the monarchy later attempted to gain control of the New World

Question 23

Navigation Acts

Answer 23

Tl:DR = Sought to establish wide-ranging English control over colonial commerce, early example of rebellion against the crown

Question 24

Government layout of colonies

Answer 24

Each colony had a governor appointed by the king, and a lower and upper house.
Lower house included people elected by the population
Upper house was made up of appointees, had some powers

Question 25

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Answer 25

Nathaniel Bacon was mad that Native Americans kept attacking
- He asked the governor to allow him to create a military and attack the nearby tribes
- Governor said no way, Bacon did it anyway
- Got out of hand, they attacked Jamestown
- Bacon suddenly died, rebellion was over

Question 26

Stono Uprising (1739)

Answer 26

Enslaved people stole some guns, killed a bunch of people, liberated more slaves, fled to Florida, got captured and killed
- Resulted in more restrictive laws and a larger fear of slave rebellion

Question 27

Salem Witch Trial (1692)

Answer 27

130 “witches” were jailed or executed. People had been accused of witchcraft before but never so many so quickly. Accusers were mostly teenage girls, accusing the colony’s most prominent citizens

Question 28

First Great Awakening

Answer 28

Religious revival after religion was becoming less prominent. Preached Calvinism and Evangelism. Influenced Ben Franklin

Question 29

What percentage of colonists lived in rural areas?

Answer 29

90 Percent

Question 30

Population growth of the colonies

Answer 30

Increased 5 times in 50 years (1700 - 1750)

Question 31

Cities in the colonies

Answer 31

Very bad, not sanitary
Many immigrants settled there, paid too little and povery was widespread

Question 32

New England society

Answer 32

Centered on trade, population farmed for survival, not trade. Most people were Puritans

Question 33

Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, etc.) Society

Answer 33

More fertile land, focused more on farming. Major trade centers

Question 34

Lower South Society

Answer 34

Cash crops, tobacco and rice. Lots of slavery. Majority farmed to survive with no enslaved people

Question 35

Chesapeake Society

Answer 35

Slavery and tobacco played large role. Diversified economy. A few major cities