Nature-Nurture

Question 1

Environment

Answer 1

Everything that is outside our body. Any influence on behaviour which is non-genetic.

Question 2

Nature

Answer 2

Any influence on behaviour that is genetic.

Question 3

Cognitive Nature

Answer 3

• HM supports existence of nature affecting memory as he could not remember after a surgery.
• Memory encoded and stored in brain.
• Reconstructive memory - schemas are nature as they are universal mental constructs hard wired into memory.

Question 4

Cognitive Nurture

Answer 4

• Peterson + Peterson showed an influence of rehearsal on STM.
• Schemas come from environment / life experiences/
• Cog Psy explains how memory works using models like MSM which emphasises nurture.

Question 5

Biological Nature

Answer 5

• Evolution shows many traits come from genetics.
• Brain structures and activities effect behaviour (high activity in amygdala and violence).
• Euphoria produced when taking drugs.
• Brengden showed that physical aggression was due to nature (MZ higher concordance than DZ).
• Raine matched them on SZ which takes into account biology.

Question 6

Biological Nurture

Answer 6

• Genes selected based on environment you are in.
• Raine identified in his study we do not have cause and effect, environment could cause brain differences.
• Strength / Size of a persons brain is due to environmental factors.

Question 7

Learning Nature

Answer 7

• Pavlov shows that animals learn through CC.
• The UCS to UCR is a natural reaction.
• Evolutionary Phobias are naturally occurring designed to aid survival.
• Flooding works because the sympathetic nervous system cannot remain in the alarm state, therefore shows true impact of nature.

Question 8

Learning Nurture

Answer 8

• Theory is all about learning from the environment.
• CC associates 2 environmental stimuli.
• OC is the effect of reinforcement.
• Vicarious reinforcement is nurture through watching others be rewarded.

Question 9

Social Nature

Answer 9

• Blass found little difference between obedience cross-culturally, suggesting nature.
• Social psychology says we have evolved to be part of groups.
• Agency theory says we have evolved to follow a hierarchical structure.

Question 10

Social Nurture

Answer 10

• Milgram’s variations show differences in obedience and conformity as a result of proximity and status.
• Agency theory shows that a presence of an authority figure is evidence of nurture.
• SIT suggests the number of sources and targets can influence obedience in group situations.