13.1 Hormones & Pituitary Glands Flashcards
Hormone is
A chemical messenger that leaves one cell and has an effect somewhere else
Types of signals
- Exocrine (ends up in sweat)
- Endocrine (blood or lymph)
- Autocrine (w/in organ or tissue)
- Paracrine (NT cell to cell)
Chemical messenger/horomone types
- water soluble - travels readily but has trouble entering cell. Bind to cell surface receptors (second messenger)
- lipid soluble - have nuclear receptors, crosses cell layer easy
Triggers to release chemical messengers
- humoral changes (changes in blood)
- nervous signals
- other hormones (tropic)
Pituitary gland two parts
- Posterior pituitary
- Anterior pituitary
Pituitary gland located in
Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
The posterior pituitary is
an extension of the hypothalamus and releases NT from the hypothalamus into the blood
Two hormones of posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
- uterine contraction and lactation
- erection and ejaculation
- complex social and bonding behaviors
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) vasopressin
- increases blood volume & pressure
- diabetes insipidus
- diabetes = excessive urine volume
- diabetes insipitus - decreased ADH
ADH reacts to
high osmolarity of blood
- tells kidneys to retain more water
- sweat glands decrease loss
- arterioles constrict (increase BP)
Decreases osmolarity and raise blood volume (raise EDV, raise BP)
Anterior pituitary produces
tropic hormones (stimulate other glands)
Growth hormone
- responsible for uptake of proteins and growth & repair of muscle, ligaments, tendons.
- releasing triglycerides
- insulin like growth factor (IGF)
- tropic hormone
Gonadotropins
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Testes - testosterone & sperm production
Ovary - estrogens & oocyte production
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- regulates and stimulates the adrenal cortex
- cortisol release (damage stress repair
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
- thyroid gland -> basal metabolic rate
Prolactin
- lactation (mammary)
- prostate
