131. Scuba Diving and Dysbarism Flashcards
(41 cards)
Differentiating potential diving related injuries are often diagnosed based on what factors?
- history: timing, onset of sx, equipment use, depth<br></br>- PE
Diving related emergency until definitive dx can be made… tx?
100% o2
Two broad main categories for diving related injuries
- barotrauma (pressure)<br></br>- decompression illness (gas bubble related)
What are 4 examples of disorders related to descent/barotrauma
- middle ear barotrauma<br></br>- inner ear barotrauma<br></br>- barosinusitis<br></br>-alternobaric vertigo
Middle ear barotrauma:<br></br>what causes this?
increased ext pressure on tympanc membrane, if equalization doesn’t occur at eustachian tube, pressure differntial across TM causes this disease
Middle ear barotrauma: clinical feat
- pain<br></br>-inflamm<br></br>-edema<br></br>-tinnitus and transient vertigo<br></br>- CN 7 palsy
Middle ear barotrauma: complications?
TM rupture
Inner ear barotrauma: cause?
pressure differential between middle and inner ear, damageto cochleovestibular apparatus<br></br>can result in inner ear hemorrhage
Inner ear barotrauma: clinically
hearing loss<br></br>tinnitus and severe vertigo<br></br>nausea
Barosinusitis: occurs with ? or ?
ascent or descent
Barosinusitis: clinically?
facial pain<br></br>epistaxis
Alternobaric vertigo: what is this?
transient vertigo
Alternobaric vertigo: due to ?
asymm ear pressure
Alternobaric vertigo: LT effects?
no
2 Disorders arising at depth? (examples)
- nitrogen narcosis<br></br>- oxygen toxicity
Nitrogen narcosis: cause?
incr tissue N2 concentration secondary to time at depth of 30m at least
Nitrogen narcosis: how to avoid?
gradual and controlled ascent
Nitrogen narcosis: clinical sx
euphoria<br></br>anxiety<br></br>low inhibition <br></br>impaired psychomo coord<br></br>numb/tingling of lip/gum/legs
Nitrogen narcosis: resolves with?
ascent
Oxygen toxicity: cause?
breathing high partial pressure o2
Oxygen toxicity: clinical sx?
burning sn on inspiration and cough<br></br>headache, dizzy, irritable<br></br>vision change<br></br>tingling and twitch extremities<br></br>tinnitus and hearing abnorm<br></br>nausea<br></br>seizure
List of disorders on assent?
pylmonary barotrauma<br></br>decompression sickness<br></br>arterial gas embolism
Pulmonary barotrauma: etiology?
diver takes full breath, breath holds<br></br>ascends<br></br>gas expansion can cause barotrauma
Pulmonary barotrauma: can this occur at shallow depths?
yes
pneumomediastinum
subuct emphysema
alveolar hemorrhage
persistent IVasc bubbles can then cause inflam cascade, plt aggregation and thrombosis
obese
fatigue
heay exertion
dehydration
cold water diving
diving high alt
flying soon after diving
patent FO
joint pain
rash - cutis marmota ("marbling")
ie not those in type 1
- cns: weak, paralysis, paresthesia, low back/abdo pain, h/a, blurry vision, diplopia
-vestib symptoms common
-dyspnea/cp
in meantime, 100% FIo2
cerebral
cerebral sx
LOC
h/a, confusion, seizure, mo/sens loss, vision changes, ataxia
arrh, cardiac arrest
2. dcs type 1 or 2
3. co poisoning
-DCS type 1
- DCS type 2
-Inner ear barotrauma
-Nitrogen narcosis
