Rhabdoviruses Flashcards

1
Q

Genome type

A

(-)ssRNA

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2
Q

capsid type

A

helical

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3
Q

enveloped?

A

enveloped

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4
Q

segmented?

A

nonsegmented

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5
Q

What is absolutely required to be packaged for full replication?

A

Must include Large polymerase (L) and phosphoprotein (P) for primary transcription since (-)ssRNA

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6
Q

VAP (VSV and Rabies)

A

Glycoprotein (G)

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7
Q

Nucleoprotein (N)

A

coats the genome

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8
Q

What’s required for primary transcription?

A

Large polymerase (L) and phosphoprotein (P)

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9
Q

Matrix (M)

A

connects the nucleocapsid to the membrane

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10
Q

What is the representative virus?

A

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)

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11
Q

Host receptor for VSV

A

LDL-R

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12
Q

Does the VAP do fusion too?

A

Yes, G protein also does fusion

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13
Q

Host receptor for rabies

A

G protein binds Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (NAR) on neurons

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14
Q

How does the host receptor confer a wide host range for rabies?

A

Extremely large host range because acetylcholine is an essential neurotransmitter in many organisms so NAR is very conserved

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15
Q

What’s weird about plant rhabdoviruses?

A

They are enveloped and get it from inner organelle membranes

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16
Q

What are some benefits for studying VSV instead of rabies virus?

A

Less pathogenic

Faster gene expression

Large host range due to LDL-R

17
Q

How does LDL-R make VSV a useful tool in biotech?

A

Most cells have LDL-R and the cells do a tasty test of the environment every ~10 min so easy entry

Replacing a virus envelope with VSV G enables broad tropism

18
Q

What is the primary reservoir of rabies virus?

A

bats

19
Q

What are the main terrestrial incidental hosts?

A

dogs, foxes, skunks, racoons

20
Q

What about bats allows for them to be primary reservoirs for rabies?

A

Can sustain the virus population long term due to lower mortality rates

21
Q

Can terrestrial incidental hosts spread rabies to other hosts? If so, why aren’t they considered primary reservoirs as well?

A

They can spread it but its too fatal to them to sustain the viral population

22
Q

Understand the pathogenesis of rabies from when it enters the body from the bite of an infected animal all the way to death of the host

A

a. Virus is inoculated via bite or scratch
b. Replication in muscle tissue at inoculation site
c. Virus binds to NAR at the neuromuscular junction
d. Replication in motor neurons and it travels towards the CNS
e. CNS infection = symptoms
f. Spread to salivary glands
g. Coma
h. Death

23
Q

Why is rabies virus spread through saliva?

A

Builds up in salivary glands since they’re so close to the brain and makes the saliva infectious

24
Q

What’s the time between exposure and onset of first symptoms?

A

20-90 days so you have that long to get the vaccine and not die

25
Q

Know what kind of vaccine Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is.

A

Nerve-cell derived vaccine from dried rabbit spinal cord

26
Q

Why have we gone away from these animal produced vaccines in favor of cell-culture-derived vaccine?

A

Myelin from neural tissue in the vaccine could cause fatal encephalitis sometimes

Inactivated vaccines are safer

27
Q

What is the most common terrestrial host that spreads rabies to humans? What would be the best host to vaccinate to eradicate terrestrial rabies from an area?

A

Dogs, vaccine the dogs