C9-Malabsorbtia Flashcards

1
Q

Perturbarea principalelor procese fiziologice din faza luminala

A
  1. Hidroliza deficitara a macronutrimentelor
  2. Deficit de solubilizare (emulsionare si micelizare) a lipidelor
  3. Scaderea biodisponibilitatii pentru absorbtie
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2
Q

Hidroliza deficitara a macronutrimentelor

A
  • afectiuni care reduc secretia lipazelor si pancreazelor pancreatice (insuficienta
    pancreatica din pancreatita cronica, fibroza chistica si cancerul pancreatic)
  • inhibitia activitatii lipazei in mediu acid (sindromul Zollinger Ellison)
  • afectiunile asociate cu un tranzit rapid: hipertiroidia si chirurgia gastrica
    (rezectii) - asincronismul chimului cu secretiile digestive
  • dilutia enzimatica in faza intestinala (boala celiaca)
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3
Q

Simptome datorate lipolizei inadecvate:

A

steatoree
diaree
manifestari datorate deficitelor vitaminelor liposolubile (tetanie, sindrom hemoragipar)

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4
Q

Simptome datorate proteolizei inadecvate:

A

scadere ponderala
diminuarea maselor musculare (hipotrofie, hipotonie)
edeme hipoproteinemice

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5
Q

Simptome datorate glicolizei inadecvate

A

meteorism (balonare), borborigme, flatus excesiv, diaree exploziva

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6
Q

Deficit de solubilizare lipide

A

▪ scaderea sintezei sarurilor biliare: insuficienta hepatica
▪ reducerea eliminarii s.b in duoden: afectiuni colestatice intra- si extrahepatice: ciroza biliara primitiva, secundara, colangita sclerozanta,
colestaza medicamentoasa, cancerul de pancreas
▪ reducerea ionizarii s.b.: sindromul Zollinger Ellison
▪ deconjugarea s.b.: sindromul de poluare bacteriana: varstnici, fistule, stenoze, diverticuli, sclerodermie, diabet zaharat
▪ mixare asincrona chim - secretia biliara: post-rezectie gastrica
▪ pierderi intestinale crescute de s.b.: b. Crohn, rezectii ileale

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7
Q

Scaderea biodisponibilitatii

A
  • deficit de FI pentru absorbtia vitaminei B12: anemia pernicioasa
  • consum crescut de vitamina B12: poluare bacteriana, parazitara
  • legarea fierului in complexe insolubile: exces oxalati, fitati in dieta
  • legarea calciului de oxalati sau acizi grasi liberi: insuficienta pancreatica, rezectii ileale
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8
Q

Simptome si semne clinice abdominale-malabsorbtie

A

diaree, steatoree, meteorism abdominal,
flatulenta, borborigme, durere abdominala, modificari de aptetit, scadere ponderala
▪ Variate semne clinice:
▪ Consecinte (emaciere, casexie, abdomen destins, in ”tabla de sah”, zgomote hidroaerice anormale)
▪ Datorate afectiunilor cauzale (hepatosplenomegalie, ascita, mase abdominale palpabile)

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9
Q

Semne clinice extraintestinale constitutionale-malabs

A

▪ Modificari de apetit (anorexia, hiperfagia)
▪ Deficitul/retardul staturo-ponderal
▪ Manifestari datorate anemiei (paloare, vertij, astenie, fatigabilitate, dispnee, angor)

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10
Q

Semne clinice extraintestinale cutanate-malabs

A

▪ Tegumente subtiri, atrofice, lipsite de elasticitate
▪ Hiperkeratoza, hemeralopie nocturna (deficit vitamina A)
▪ Sindrom hemoragipar: echimoze, petesii (deficit vitamina K)
▪ Paloarea, koilonichia, limba depapilata (deficit Fe)
▪ Dermatita herpetiforma
▪ Stomatita aftoasa si eritemul nodos
▪ Hipocratismul digital si hiperpigmentarea cutanata (marca malabsorbtiei severe, indelungate, necorectate): b. Crohn, limfom intestinal, b. celiaca refractara, b. Whipple, fibroza chistica pancreatica)
▪ Leuconichie (marca clinica a hipoalbuminemiei)
▪ Neuropatie periferica (B1, B12)
▪ Glosita acuta (limba rosie-”flacara”, depapilata): deficit vit B12, B6, acid folic
▪ Macroglosia
▪ Edeme periferice (hipoalbuminemia)
▪ Acrodermatita (zinc)
▪ Spasm carpo-pedal, parestezii, semnul Chvostek (+):
hipo-calcemie, hipo-magneziemie, deficit vit D

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11
Q

Malabs lipidelor-steatoree

A

Steatoree = excretia (pierderea) in fecale a > 7g grasimi/24 ore

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12
Q

Teste cantitative fecale-malabs lipidelor

A

test van den Kamer (metoda titrimetrica cu NaOH)-GOLD STANDARD

▪ colectare 48-72h, dieta 80-100 g grasimi, manipulare si personal redus

▪ testul respirator (masurarea C* radioactiv in aerul expirat)

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13
Q

Teste calitative fecale-malabs lipide

A

Microscopic-testul Sudan

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14
Q

Malabs carbohidrati-teste diagnostice

A
  1. Testul respirator lactoza-hidrogen (gold standard pentru diagnosticul malabsorbtiei lactozei)->20ppm hidrogen expirat concentratia dupa ingestia a 50g lactoza
  2. Testul de toleranta la lactoza-Cresterea concentratiei glucozei sanguine cu <20mg/dL peste valoarea initiala la 30 min indica malabsorbtia lactozei
    3.pH-ul fecal-<5.5 : indicator calitativ al malabsorbtiei carbohidratilor
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15
Q

Malabs proteine-teste diagnostice

A

Continutul de azot intr-un esantion fecal
Test respirator cu 14C albus ou/14C-albumin

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16
Q

Malabs vit B12-teste diagnostice

A
  1. Test Schilling-Prezenta a < 7-10% din radioactivitatea administrata in urina in 24h
    2.** 2nd phase Schilling test**-Administrarea concomitenta de factor intrinsec – normalizarea indica o cauza gastrica (gastrita atrofica, anemie pernicioasa)
    Suplimentarea de enzime pancreatice – normalizarea indica insuficienta exocrina pancreatica
    Lipsa corectiei – cauza ileala
17
Q

Bacterial overgrowth (poluarea bacteriana)-teste diagnostice

A

Culturi cantitative ale aspiratului intestinal (gold standard)
Variate teste respiratorii

18
Q

Insuficienta exocrina pancreatica-teste diagnostice

A

Teste functionale pancreatice
Invazive: Intubarea duodenala si masurarea secretiei
exocrine pancreatice (volum, enzime, debit
bicarbonat) dupa stimularea pancreatica cu
pranz lichid (Lundh test) sau injectarea de
CCK/secretina
Teste non-invazive
Masurarea concentratie fecale de elastaza sau
or chemotripsina