Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

A cell is the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed

Question 2

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 2

The two types of cells that make up all living things are eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

The nucleus contains the majority of the cell’s DNA, and it sends out messages to tell the cell to grow, divide, or die

Question 4

What is a plasma membrane?

Answer 4

A plasma membrane forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave

Question 5

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm is the fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and other components

Question 6

What are organelles?

Answer 6

Organelles are mini-organs found within the cell membrane that carry out specific functions

Question 7

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Question 8

What are some examples of specialized cells?

Answer 8

Some examples of specialized cells include muscle cells, nerve cells, bone cells, and egg and sperm cells

Question 9

What is cell theory?

Answer 9

Cell theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic unit of life, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 10

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 10

Mitochondria produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP

Question 11

What is peristalsis?

Answer 11

Peristalsis is the movement of food along the gut, which is carried out by muscle cells

Question 12

What is​​ the function​​ of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis

Question 13

What is the difference between membrane-bound ribosomes and free ribosomes?

Answer 13

Membrane-bound ribosomes are attached to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and synthesize proteins that are being translocated into the ER, while free ribosomes synthesize all other proteins encoded by the nuclear genome

Question 14

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids and the modification of proteins

Question 15

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has membrane-bound ribosomes attached to its surface, creating regions termed rough ER

Question 16

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 16

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a region of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 17

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 17

The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Question 18

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Cytoplasm is the fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and other components

Question 19

What are some examples of cytoplasmic organelles?

Answer 19

Some examples of cytoplasmic organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes

Question 20

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 20

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes and break down waste materials in the cell

Question 21

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations inside or outside of the cell

Question 22

What are some examples of specialized cells in humans?

Answer 22

Some examples of specialized cells in humans include muscle cells, nerve cells, bone cells, egg and sperm cells, red blood cells, and white blood cells