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Level 3 > Families Exam 5 - acute infectious GI disorders > Flashcards

Families Exam 5 - acute infectious GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the stool of a patient with celiac disease?

A

steatorrhea

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2
Q

What happens to the weight of a patient with celiac disease?

A

less than expected

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3
Q

What vitamin deficiencies occur with celiac disease and what do they cause?

A
  • B12: anemia
  • A: vision problems
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4
Q

What should be increased in the diet of someone with celiac disease?

A
  • protein
  • calories
  • vitamins
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5
Q

What should be decreased in the diet of someone with celiac disease?

A
  • gluten
  • fat
  • dairy
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6
Q

What does the stool look like with Meckel’s diverticulum?

A
  • bloody
  • mucus
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7
Q

How is hypovolemia corrected before surgical removal of the diverticulum?

A

blood transfusion

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8
Q

How is hypovolemia corrected after surgical removal of the diverticulum?

A

rehydration therapy

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9
Q

What is the stool like with rotavirus? How long does this last?

A
  • watery
  • foul-smelling
  • diarrhea
  • 5-7 days
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10
Q

How long does vomiting last with rotavirus?

A

2 days

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11
Q

What precautions are used with rotavirus?

A

contact

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12
Q

What should be avoided with rotavirus?

A

rectal temps

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13
Q

How should oral replacement therapy be given?

A

75-90 sodium mEq/L at 40-50 mL/kg over 4 hours

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14
Q

How should oral maintenance therapy be given?

A

40-60 sodium mEq/L at a limit of 150 mL/kg/day

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15
Q

How should diarrheal stools be replaced?

A

with 10 mL/kg of ORS

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16
Q

What foods should someone with rotavirus avoid?

A
  • fruit juices
  • carbonated soda
  • gelatin
  • caffeine
  • chicken/beef broth
  • bananas
  • rice
  • applesauce
  • toast
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17
Q

What is the incubation period of rotavirus?

A

48 hours

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18
Q

How often should a child with rotavirus wash their clothes and linens?

A

DAILY

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19
Q

What should you teach parents of a child with rotavirus NOT to do?

A
  • shake linens
  • share toys
  • share dishes/utensils
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20
Q

What is isotonic dehydration?

A

water and sodium are lost equally

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21
Q

What is likely with isotonic dehydration?

A
  • bleeding
  • diarrhea
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22
Q

What is hypotonic dehydration?

A

electrolyte loss is greater than fluid loss

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23
Q

What is likely with hypotonic dehydration?

A

shock

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24
Q

What is hypertonic dehydration?

A

water loss is greater than electrolyte loss

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25
Q

What is likely with hypertonic dehydration?

A

neurological changes

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26
Q

What weight loss occurs with mild dehydration?

A

< 5%

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27
Q

What weight loss occurs with moderate dehydration?

A

6-9%

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28
Q

What weight loss occurs with severe dehydration?

A

> 10%

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29
Q

What happens to BP and HR with dehydration?

A
  • decreased BP
  • increased HR
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30
Q

What is sunken with dehydration?

A
  • fontanel
  • eyes
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31
Q

What should be monitored with dehydration?

A
  • cap refill
  • VS
  • weight
  • I&O
32
Q

How much oral rehydration is used for mild dehydration?

A

50 mL/kg every 4-6 hours

33
Q

How much oral rehydration is used for moderate dehydration?

A

100 mL/kg every 4-6 hours

34
Q

How much parenteral fluid therapy is used for dehydration if the child cannot drink enough oral fluids?

A
  • 20 mL/kg IV bolus
  • possible repeat for isotonic and hypotonic
35
Q

What is contraindicated for hypertonic dehydration?

A

rapid fluid replacement

36
Q

What does the hole caused by cleft lip/palate cause?

A

the inability to suck

37
Q

When is a cleft lip repair done?

A

between 2-3 months

38
Q

When is a cleft palate repair done?

A

between 6-12 months

39
Q

What should be avoided with cleft lip/palate?

A
  • spoons
  • forks
  • straws
  • tongue depressors
  • hard pacifiers
  • rigid utensils
  • hard-tipped sippy cups
  • suction catheters
40
Q

How should a cleft lip/palate incision site be cleaned?

A
  • normal saline
  • water
  • diluted hydrogen peroxide
41
Q

How can drainage and breathing be helped after repair of a cleft lip/palate?

A

changing positions frequently

42
Q

How long should a clear liquid diet be ordered after a cleft lip/palate repair?

A

24 hours

43
Q

How should a baby lay after a cleft PALATE repair?

A

belly

44
Q

How should a baby lay after a cleft LIP repair?

A
  • back and upright
  • on their side
45
Q

What type of nipple should be used for a baby with a cleft lip?

A

wide-based

46
Q

How can the gap be decreased when feeding a baby with a cleft lip?

A

by squeezing their cheeks together

47
Q

What position should a baby with a cleft palate/lip and palate be fed in?

A

upright with head cradled

48
Q

What type of valve and nipple should be used to feed a baby with cleft palate/lip and palate?

A
  • one-way valve
  • specially cut nipple
49
Q

What should be done frequently while feeding a baby with a cleft palate/lip and palate?

A

burping

50
Q

What should be reported in a baby with a cleft lip/palate?

A
  • ear infections
  • hearing loss
51
Q

What is present in the vomit of an infant with GERD?

A

blood

52
Q

When is a cough, heartburn, abdominal/chest pain, and difficulty breathing seen with GERD?

A

in children

53
Q

What medication is given for GERD?

A

PPI (prazole)

54
Q

What should patients with GERD do after eating?

A

sit up, raise HOB

55
Q

What should be done to the formula for an infant with GERD?

A
  • thicken
  • 1tsp-1tbsp rice cereal per 1oz formula
56
Q

What foods should be avoided with GERD?

A
  • caffeine
  • citrus
  • peppermint
  • spicy/fried
57
Q

What findings should be reported with GERD?

A
  • pneumonia
  • weight loss
  • failure to thrive
58
Q

Where is appendicitis pain felt?

A

RLQ

59
Q

What happens to the breathing of a child with appendicitis?

A

rapid, shallow

60
Q

What does an absence of pain mean with appendicitis?

A

rupture

61
Q

What should be avoided with appendicitis?

A
  • heat
  • enemas
  • laxatives
62
Q

What should be given before surgery for a non-ruptured appendix?

A
  • IV fluids
  • antibiotics
63
Q

What should be given before surgery for a ruptured appendix?

A
  • fluid replacement
  • NG tube decompression
  • IV antibiotics
64
Q

What should be kept after surgery if bowel sounds are absent or the appendix was ruptured?

A

NPO

65
Q

What are s/sx of peritonitis?

A
  • fever
  • increased pain
  • rigid/distended abdomen
66
Q

When does projectile vomiting occur with pyloric stenosis? What does it look like?

A
  • after feeding
  • blood-tinged
67
Q

Where is the mass located with pyloric stenosis? What does it look like?

A
  • RUQ
  • olive-shaped
68
Q

What GI disorder causes constant hunger?

A

pyloric stenosis

69
Q

What medications are given after a pyloromyotomy?

A
  • antiemetics
  • analgesics
70
Q

When should clear liquids be started after surgery for pyloric stenosis? When can breastmilk/formula be started?

A
  • CL: 4-6 hours after
  • BM/F: 24 hours after
71
Q

When would you see a sausage-shaped abdominal mass?

A

intussusception

72
Q

What does stool look like with intussusception?

A
  • blood and mucus
  • jelly-like
73
Q

When would a child be screaming and in a knee-to-chest position?

A

intussusception

74
Q

How can dehydration be prevented with intussusception?

A

IV fluids

75
Q

What procedure is done for intussusception?

A

air enema with or without contrast

Level 3 (29 decks)

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