coastal management - hard engineering

Question 1

what does hard engineering involve?

Answer 1

man made structures that aim to prevent erosion?

Question 2

what are groynes?

Answer 2

timber or rock protrusions that trap sediment from LSD

Question 3

groyne +

Answer 3

built up the beach, protect cliff = tourism, cost effective

Question 4

groyne -

Answer 4

ugly, deprives areas downwind of sediment increasing erosion elsewhere

Question 5

what are sea walls?

Answer 5

concrete structures that absorbs and reflect wave energy, with curved surface

Question 6

sea walls +

Answer 6

effective erosion prevention, promenade = toursim

Question 7

sea wall -

Answer 7

ugly, expensive, wave energy reflected elsewhere, impacts erosion rates

Question 8

what is Rip Rap (rock armour)

Answer 8

large rocks that reduce wave energy, but allow water to flow through

Question 9

rip rap +

Answer 9

cost effective

Question 10

rip rap -

Answer 10

rocks are sourced elsewhere - dont fit geology, hazard

Question 11

what are revetments?

Answer 11

wooden or concrete ramps that help absorbs wave energ

Question 12

revetments +

Answer 12

cost effective

Question 13

revetments -

Answer 13

ugly, maintenance (additional cost)

Question 14

what are offshore breakwaters

Answer 14

rock barriers which force waves to break